We use hydrodynamical simulations to assess the impact of radiative cooling and “preheating” on predictions for the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect. Cooling significantly reduces both the mean SZ signal and its angular power spectrum, while preheating can increase the mean distortion while leaving the angular power spectrum below that found in a simulation without heating or cooling. We study the...

Based on the classical Pennes bioheat equation and oxygen diffusion equation, a new coupled heat-mass transfer model for characterizing the cerebral circulatory arrest is proposed. Two cooling approaches (the surface cooling and volumetric cooling) are applied to analyze the effect of hypothermia on the transient temperature and the oxygen consumption rate in different regions of brain. It is s...

Site-specific on-demand cooling of hot spots in microprocessors can reduce peak temperature and achieve a more uniform thermal profile on chip, thereby improve chip performance and increase the processor’s life time. An array of thermoelectric coolers (TECs) integrated inside an electronic package has the potential to provide such efficient cooling of hot spots on chip. This paper analyzes the ...

The thermal impedance Zth j has been measured for the junction of a transistor mounted on a cooling fin. The setup was put inside a chimney in order to enhance the natural convection cooling. From the thermal impedance Zth j the influence of the chimney on the reduction in thermal resistance Rth Zth j 0 is clearly visible. A maximum improvement of almost 20% has been observed experimentally. Me...

Changes in agricultural practices are considered a possible option to mitigate climate change. In particular, reducing or suppressing tillage (no-till) may have the potential to sequester carbon in soils, which could help slow global warming. On the other hand, such practices also have a direct effect on regional climate by altering the physical properties of the land surface. These biogeophysi...

Middle through upper Miocene (17–5 Ma) benthic foraminiferal faunas (N63 μm) from a depth transect in the western equatorial Indian Ocean (DSDP Site 237, ODP Sites 707, 709 and 710; water depth 1500–3800 m) underwent significant faunal changes at ∼14–13 Ma and 11–8 Ma. These faunal changes are not easily interpreted, because of the complex factors controlling benthic foraminiferal distribution ...

Abstract: transformation temperature and different ferrite morphologies in one Nb-microalloyed (HSLA) steel has beeninvestigated. Three different austenite grain sizes were selected and cooled at two different cooling rates for obtainingaustenite to ferrite transformation temperature. Moreover, samples with specific austenite grain size have beenquenched, partially, for investigation on the mic...

One of the most important methods of transporting natural gas in Iran and other parts of the world is the utilization of a network of pipelines. Compression station and turbo compressor units play an important role in gas supply through pipelines. One of the primary concerns in these units is the reduction of fuel consumption. By cooling of exhaust gas from the source station, the pressure drop...

Description Background – Given the increasingly stringent cooling demands in mid to high-end electronic packages, there is a need for high cooling power density yet robust cooling solutions. Convective liquid cooling using micro-channel heat sinks in single-or two-phase operation has received a lot of attention in recent research. Whereas single-phase cooling is simpler and more robust, two-pha...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of desiccation (without cooling) and of oversaturation of the pneumoperitoneum on adhesion formation. DESIGN Prospective randomized trial. SETTING Academic research center. ANIMAL(S) BALB/c and NMRI female mice. INTERVENTION(S) The effect of desiccation using nonhumidified CO(2) on adhesion formation was evaluated in a laparoscopic mouse model. Body ...