The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) is widely regarded as a standard model for the evolution of cooperation. This review tries to give an outline of the development in the field since Axelrod and Hamilton (1981) spawned an avalanche of papers with the announcement of Tit-for-tat as the winner of their computer tournament. The most important advancements in the game-theoretical work on differe...

The X-NOISE Coordination Action, through its network structure and comprehensive workplan involving experts groups, scientific workshops, international cooperation seminars and a common information system, addresses the noise challenges faced by Aviation. As such, the project scope significantly contributes to the objective of reducing Aircraft Noise by 10 dB per operation as set by the ACARE 2...

A key objective of transfer learning is to improve and speedup learning on a target task after training on a different, but related, source task. This study presents a neuro-evolution method that transfers evolved policies within multi-agent tasks of varying degrees of complexity. The method incorporates behavioral diversity (novelty) search as a means to boost the task performance of transferr...

Perhaps we should not be surprised if, as more and more intracellular inositol phosphates and lipids are discovered, the number of proteins found to bind them also grows. But as the number of inositol phosphate-binding proteins increases, one might hope that some pattern would emerge in the form of some similarity in sequence or function of the inositol phosphate-binding proteins. So far, howev...

Recently, Northeast Asia has become one of the three largest trade areas, covering approximately 30% of the total trade volume of the world. However, the distribution facilities are saturated due to the increase in the transportation volume within the area and with the European countries. In order to accommodate the increase of the transportation volume, the transportation networking with the m...

One of the main problems in applying evolutionary optimisation methods is the choice of operators and parameter values. This paper propose a competitive evolution method, in which several subpopulations are allowed to compete for computer time. The population with the fittest members, and that with the highest improvement rate in the recent past, are rewarded. When using identical strategies in...

We introduce a model of the evolution of cooperation in groups which incorporates both conditional direct-reciprocity (“tit-fortat”), and indirect-reciprocity based on public reputation (“conspicuous altruism”). We use ALife methods to quantitatively assess the effect of changing the group size and the frequency with which other group members are encountered. We find that for moderately sized g...

There has been a dramatic increase in all forms of international cooperation in science, technology and innovation over the last three decades. This chapter focuses on a specific subset of such cooperative agreements: those that primarily (but not exclusively) involve firms that seek some commercial benefit from the outputs of interfirm collaboration, known as strategic technology partnering (S...

The promise of punishment and reward in promoting public cooperation is debatable. While punishment is traditionally considered more successful than reward, the fact that the cost of punishment frequently fails to offset gains from enhanced cooperation has lead some to reconsider reward as the main catalyst behind collaborative efforts. Here we elaborate on the “stick vs. carrot” dilemma by stu...

We discuss the NLO evolution of quark transversity densities and of the parton distribution function for linearly polarized gluons in a linearly polarized hadron. A supersymmetric relation between the NLO evolution kernels for transversity and for linear polarization is found. We also study the implications of NLO evolution for Soffer’s inequality and the prospects of measuring transversity den...