AIMS To evaluate the correlation between the coronary sinus flow and the infusion volume in the coronaries and assess the performance of coronary sinus flow in predicting coronary artery occlusion in an isolated pig heart. MATERIAL AND METHODS The coronary sinus flow was measured in 16 isolated pig hearts by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. The correlation between the coronary sinus flow and the in...

We report of an interatrial dissociation after two relatively limited left atrial ablations for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), with sinus rhythm in the right atrium and ongoing atrial tachycardia (AT) in the left atrium (LA). Patients suffering from PAF are supposed to have less electrical and anatomical remodelling; however, the role of low-voltage and scar areas with functional conduct...

The article by Betts et al.1 in this issue of the Journal reports detailed high-density mapping of left atrial (LA) endocardial activation by a noncontact system performed during sinus rhythm and coronary sinus (CS) pacing in nine patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). They accurately describe areas of block in the posterior LA wall in close proximity to the pulmonary veins (PVs) du...

The echocardiographic features of the enlarged coronary sinus are described in eight patients with a left superior vena cava draining to the coronary sinus and two patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the coronary sinus. The diagnosis was confirmed in each patient by cardiac catheterization and surgery. On the M-mode echocardiogram, a dense echo was present posterior to ...

BACKGROUND The pressure waveform of coronary sinus in human hearts has never been well described. Retrograde cardioplegia perfusion has become a popular method of myocardial protection in recent years, and identification of the pressure waveform of the coronary sinus might help intubate the coronary sinus in retrograde cardioplegia perfusion by differentiating it from that of the right atrium. ...

anomalies of origin, course, and distribution of coronary arteries, including single coronary artery, are well known in patients with tetralogy of fallot. however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published case report of pentalogy of fallot with a single coronary artery. herein, we introduce a 22-year-old female patient diagnosed via echocardiography and cardiac catheterization preope...

BACKGROUND Cardiac parasympathetic nerves run alongside the superior vena cava (SVC) and accumulate particularly epicardially adjacent to the orifice of the coronary sinus (CS). In animals, these nerves can be electrically stimulated inside the SVC or CS, which results in negative chronotropic/dromotropic effects and negative inotropic effects in the atria but not the ventricles. Parasympatheti...

Abstract Introduction Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common thoracic venous anomaly, although infrequent in general population (prevalence estimates as 0.2-3%). It begins at junction of subclavian and internal jugular veins, passes through side mediastinum adjacent to aortic arch, mostly drains into right atrium via coronary sinus (CS). For majority cases it asymptomatic...

BACKGROUND The inflammatory-cell and cytokine profiles of chronic sinusitis (CS) are well documented in the literature. In contrast, little is known about the pathogenesis of this condition in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). OBJECTIVE To determine whether patients with CF have inflammatory-cell and cytokine profiles that differ from other patients with CS. METHODS Patients with CF (n = ...