The studies on the merits of processing instruction (PI) and output-based instruction (OI) have mostly treated the two approaches as mutually exclusive. To address the potentials of combining interpretation and production activities, this research compared the two isolated approaches of PI and OI with two combined approaches in which processing and output tasks were used in two opposite orders ...

Future domestic robots will need to adapt to the special needs of their users and to their environment. It is likely that programming by natural language will be a key method enabling computer language-naïve users to instruct their robots. This paper describes initial steps and considerations towards the design of Instruction-Based Learning (IBL) systems. The proposed methodology is to be teste...

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) that personalize instruction to individual learner background and preferences have emerged in K-16 classroom settings all over the world. In mathematics instruction, ITSs may be especially important for tracking mathematical skill development over time. However, recent research has pointed to the importance of text-based measures when solving mathematics word...

The article focuses on archaeolinguistics as a separate field of knowledge and outlines the features that distinguish it from other disciplines in comparative studies. It analyses existing text collections shows how they may find application corpus-based research ancient languages. also discusses approaches to creating new corpora texts. study Old Church Slavonic Ancient Greek, particular, thes...