We show that the introduction of procurement centralization within regional healthcare systems in Italy reduced per capita health expenditure approximatelyt by 2–8%, without affecting level health-related public services. Our results also indicate effect is persistent after six years, and not influenced coexistence other organizational models, such as amalgamation hybrid systems. Finally, we do...

This article contributes to the debate concerning the identification of politically relevant cases of corruption in a democracy by sketching the basic traits of an original liberal theory of institutional corruption. We define this form of corruption as a deviation with respect to the role entrusted to people occupying certain institutional positions, which are crucial for the implementation of...

Corruption in Health and Education deprives people of these basic facilities and affects human development. These are, co-relates of Human Development. Cross country data of 102 countries show that there is a high rank correlation (0.788) as well as coefficient of correlation (0.766) between Human Development Index (HDI) and Corruption Perception Index (CPI). Countries with low scores in CPI ha...

BACKGROUND Cross-country comparisons of unofficial payments in the health sector are sparse. In 2002 we conducted a social audit of the health sector of the three Baltic States. METHODS Some 10,320 household interviews from a stratified, last-stage-random, sample of 30 clusters per country, together with institutional reviews, produced preliminary results. Separate focus groups of service use...

The paper explores a game-theoretic model of petty corruption involving a sequence of entrepreneurs and a track of bureaucrats. Each entrepreneur’s project is approved if and only if it is cleared by each bureaucrat. The project value is stochastic; its value is observed only by the entrepreneur, but its distribution is common knowledge. Each bureaucrat clears the project only if a bribe is pai...