BACKGROUND Methods for appropriate costing in Cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), seemingly straightforward, have always raised questions. Questions linger about what cost components to include under a "societal" perspective, as well as how to value resources. OBJECTIVES This article discusses issues surrounding costing and "perspective" in published CEA. METHODS I examine data from the Tuf...

In this paper, we study how voluntary recycled content claims made by a manufacturer are impacted by recyclate supply uncertainty and demand benefit for recycled products from environmentally conscious businesses and governments. We identify two types of recycled content claims product specific claims for which manufacturer makes the recycled content commitment for each product (e.g., paper nap...

LCLF: Why another book about “nature versus nurture”? Doesn’t everyone now agree it’s both? JT: The nature/nurture debate is a funny thing. On the one hand, you’re right; it’s very common to hear someone say, “Of course it’s not nature versus nurture; it’s both nature and nurture.” On the other hand, we hear reports all the time about some new study that claims nature trumps nurture when it com...

The pleading burden that governs securities-fraud litigation is significantly higher than those standards that govern traditional civil cases. The heightened pleading burden applicable to securities cases has transformed the motion to dismiss into something like summary judgment. In fact, to contend with this heightened pleading burden, plaintiffs typically must spend more time in the prefiling...

Treatment of chronic illness accounts for over 90 % of Medicare spending. Chronic lymphedema places over 3 million Americans at risk of recurrent cellulitis. Health insurers and legislators have taken an active role in fighting attempts to mandate the treatment of lymphedema for fear that provision of the physical therapy and compression materials would result in large and uncontrollable claim ...

To contain expenditures in an increasingly demand driven health care system, in 2005 a no-claim rebate was introduced in the Dutch health insurance system. Since demand-side cost sharing is a very controversial issue, the no-claim rebate was launched as a consumer friendly bonus system to reward prudent utilization of health services. Internationally, the introduction of a mandatory no-claim re...