AIM To investigate the diffusion of counterfeit medicines in developing countries and to verify the stability of galenic dosage forms to determine the stability of galenics prepared and stored in developing countries. METHODS We purchased 221 pharmaceutical samples belonging to different therapeutic classes both in authorized and illegal pharmacies and subjected them to European Pharmacopoeia...

Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is shown to provide an efficient technique for the investigation of polar composition of forensic tablets for male erectile dysfunction. ESI-MS fingerprinting of 41 commercial sildenafil samples (Viagra, Cialis, Lazar, Libiden, Maxfil, Plenovit, Potent 75, Rigix, V-50, Vimax, Pramil 75 and Pramil) and 56 counterfeit samples (Via...

Forensic and pharmaceutical study of the illegal circulation falsified (counterfeit, surrogate, counterfeit, modified) alcoholic beverages was conducted within framework interdisciplinary organizational legal, criminal forensic, clinical pharmacological, forensic medical research. It substantiated that harms country's budget, lives health citizens. Summarized reports State Tax Service Ukraine. ...

Recently, spoof detection has become an important and challenging topic in iris recognition. Based on the textural differences between the counterfeit iris images and the live iris images, we propose an efficient method to tackle this problem. Firstly, the normalized iris image is divided into sub-regions according to the properties of iris textures. Local binary patterns (LBP) are then adopted...

Artesunate is a key antimalarial drug in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in southeast Asia. We investigated the distribution of counterfeit artesunate tablets by use of the validated, simple, and inexpensive Fast Red TR dye technique. We also aimed to identify distinguishing characteristics of the fake drugs. Of 104 shop-bought "artesunate" samples from Cambod...

This paper questions the current highlighted question of “fake drugs” in the media and through institutional speeches. After a brief reminder of the expressions used previously in France and in the French-speaking countries of West Africa, the realities which recover various phenomena will be discussed as well as the hotchpotch often made between them: the phenomenon of counterfeit drugs, that ...

Both nationally and internationally, pharmaceutical counterfeiting has become a problem that is threatening economic stability and public health. The purpose of the present research study review was to analyze the scope and severity of pharmaceutical counterfeiting and to establish if the implantation of the Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) model can more efficiently be used within ...

We describe challenges in the risk management of smart card based electronic cash industry and describe a method to evaluate the effectiveness of distributed intelligence on the smart card. More specifically, we discuss the evaluation of distributed intelligence function called "on­ chip risk management" of the smart card for the global electronic cash payment application using micro dynamic si...

It is no longer possible to identify counterfeit medical products, including medications and devices, by simply checking packaging and labeling. Improvements in technology have made it cheaper and easier to produce fake packaging and labels, making it nearly impossible for consumers and authorities to detect counterfeits without conducting tests on the products themselves, as illustrated by the...

Several watermarking schemes have been proposed in recent years with proven robustness to many types of intentional and unintentional signal processing attacks. However very few investigators 1], 2] have addressed the question of \unambiguous resolution of ownership with digital watermarks". In this paper we extend the work of Craver et. al. 1]. We show how a pirate can engineer an attack again...