in this study, the effect of hole mulching application of zn and mn on acacia, elm, and plane nutrition was examined in the green spaces of isfahan. three different sites were chosen in a randomized complete block design using six treatments of: 1. cow manure compost, 2. cow manure vermicompost, 3. urban waste compost, 4. urban waste vermicompost, 5. dug hole refilled with the same soil coming ...

abstract saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) is one of the most important physical properties of soils which is expensive and time-consuming to directly measure. hence, indirect methods, such as pedotransfer functions (ptfs), were developed to predict the ks. previous studies showed that most of the ptfs common in the literature can not suitably predict the ks. hence, this study was conducted...

in this paper, the effects of reflected waves of the facets on the internal optical intensity of semiconductor dfb lasers are investigated. the uniformity of optical intensity along the cavity length is evaluated with flatness parameter. the dependence of this parameter on coupling coefficient, reflectivity and grating phase at the facets is also studied. this investigation shows that in some s...

by extending wireless networks and because of their different nature, some attacks appear in these networks which did not exist in wired networks. security is a serious challenge for actual implementation in wireless networks. due to lack of the fixed infrastructure and also because of security holes in routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks, these networks are not protected against attack...

As large-scale wireless networks continue to proliferate, a reliable way to test coverage and communicate requirements becomes increasingly important. In this paper we discuss concerns and provide guidelines to consider when developing a coverage testing methodology for large-scale wireless networks. We propose a method which complies with these guidelines and apply it to a large municipal mesh...

Modified condition/decision coverage is a structural coverage criterion requiring that each condition within a decision is shown by execution to independently and correctly affect the outcome of the decision. This criterion was developed to help meet the need for extensive testing of complex Boolean expressions in safety-critical applications. The paper describes the modified condition/decision...

in this study, the role of interaction of pi electrons on the strength of simultaneous σ-hole interactions (pnicogen, chalcogen and halogen bonds) is investigated using the quantum chemical calculations. x-ben||taz∙∙∙y1,y2,y3 complexes (x = cn, f, cl, br, ch3 , oh and nh2, taz= s-triazine and y1,y2 and y3 denotes ph2f, hsf, and clf molecules) is introduced as a model. the results show that inte...

Using mobile sensor networks has increased as well in recent years. It is because of the movement ability of sensor nodes which can be very useful in such networks. Having failure for network nodes occurs usually in wireless sensor networks which can be avoided by having the ability of movement in sensor nodes. It means that when a node fails consequently a hole appears in the coverage area of ...

In order to extend the availability of the wireless sensor network and to extract maximum possible information from the surveillance area, proper usage of the power capacity of the sensor nodes is important. Our work describes a dynamic relocation algorithm called MaxNetLife, which is mainly based on utilizing the remaining power of individual sensor nodes as well as properly relocating sensor ...

A coverage hole is a problem that cannot be completely avoided in three-dimensional hybrid wireless sensor networks. It can lead to hindrances monitoring tasks and adversely affect network performance. To address the of holes caused by uneven initial deployment node damage during operation, we propose distributed detection multi-objective optimization emperor penguin repair algorithm (DHD-MEPO)...