The contribution of litterfall (dead leaves, twigs, etc., fallen to the ground) and forest floor (organic residues such as in various stages decomposition, on top mineral soil) is fundamental both ecosystem sustainability soil greenhouse gases (GHG) exchange system with atmosphere. A focus forested wetlands particularly important, these systems account for a disproportionate amount global carbo...

In closed-canopy forests, gap formation and closure are thought to be major drivers of forest dynamics. Crown defoliation by insects, however, may also influence understory resource levels and thus forest dynamics. We evaluate the effect of a forest tent caterpillar outbreak on understory light availability, soil nutrient levels and tree seedling height growth in six sites with contrasting leve...

To investigate the role mitochondrial membrane lipids play in the actions of CR (calorie restriction), C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups (control and three 40% CR groups) and the CR groups were fed diets containing soya bean oil (also in the control diet), fish oil or lard. The fatty acid composition of the major mitochondrial phospholipid classes, proton leak and H(2)O(2) production we...

This paper supplements a video clip submitted to the Video Track of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2005. The original video submission applies a two-way storytelling approach to demonstrate the visual analytics capabilities of a new visualization technique. The paper presents our video production philosophy, describes the plot of the video, explains the rationale behind the plot, a...

Production of vowel-stop consonant-vowel syllables involves movement of articulators from the articulatory position of the vowel towards that of the stop closure to that of the vowel. Movement of articulators before and after a stop closure is characterized by formant transitions. The closure portion of a stop have zero or low signal energy and relevant spectral information is not available. He...

Constant Rank (CR) state machines play an important role in the general structure theory of Finite State Machines. A machine is of constant rank if each input and input-sequence maps the state set onto the same number of next states. CR-machines are analysed via their sequential closure (semigroup), which is a simple semigroup : a semidirect product (L×R) ∗G of a leftand a right-copy semigroup,...

in this study, the neutral monosaccharide composition of the extracellular polysaccharide (eps), extracted from thermal bacillus, was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. our analysis indicated that the eps consisted of rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucose, fructose, arabinose and xylose. in addition to the neutral sugars in the eps,...

Macroalgal assemblages are some of the most productive systems on earth and they contribute significantly to nearshore ecosystems. Globally, macroalgal assemblages are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities such as sedimentation, eutrophication and climate change. Despite this, very little research has considered the potential effects of canopy loss on primary productivity, althoug...