We reported previously the characterization of Pax-QNR/Pax-6 products expressed in the avian neuroretina. Five proteins (48, 46, 43, 33, and 32 kDa) were characterized, among which the 33 and 32 kDa proteins are devoid of the paired domain. In contrast to the 48-kDa (containing an alternative paired exon 4a) and 46-kDa proteins exclusively located in the nucleus, the 43- (in which the paired ex...

The prevalence of obesity, an established risk and progression factor for breast and many other cancer types, remains very high in the United States and throughout the world. Calorie restriction (CR), a reduced-calorie dietary regimen typically involving a 20-40% reduction in calorie consumption, prevents or reverses obesity, and inhibits mammary and other types of cancer in multiple tumor mode...

Chemosensory receptors (CR) are crucial for animals to sense the environmental changes and survive on earth. The emergence of whole-genome sequences provides us an opportunity to identify the entire CR gene repertoires. To completely gain more insight into the evolution of CR genes in vertebrates, we identified the nearly all CR genes in 25 vertebrates using homology-based approaches. Among the...

Sir, In their recent correspondence, Chu et al. noted the first observation of qnrA3 in salmonellae in Hong Kong, underlining the spread and diversity of plasmidic quinoloneresistance determinants worldwide. Such determinants now include qnrA1–5, qnrB and qnrS, some of which, at least, protect DNA gyrase, as well as the fluoroquinolone-acetylating variant of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme ...