In recent years, worsening economic conditions have led to growing tensions between native-born French and a rising tide of immigrants, largely from North Africa and other parts of the developing world. The French criminal justice system has responded to perceived levels of social disorder and delinquency in these ethnic neighborhoods by increasing police surveillance, widening court jurisdicti...

This paper analyses the multi-level network composed of the legal decisions taken by the International Criminal Court since its creation in 2002. As many real-world networks, legal networks lend themselves to the use of graphs in which nodes represent the decisions taken by the Court and links stand for citations between decisions. Although useful, this framework does not account for the inhere...

A critical evaluation of the waiver process identifies certain inconsistencies between the goals and methods of the juvenile court movement and points out the difficulties resulting from procedures that attempt to reconcile the goals of punishment and rehabilitation. Several popular explanations for the use of the waiver process are examined and found insufficient to justify removing children f...

Globalization, characterized by the inter-connectivity of persons, states, and non-state actors on a global plane, has led to the development of binding international law across several legal fields, namely, international human rights, international criminal law, and private international law. This Article explores the proliferation of actors, norms, and organizations, as well as the expansion ...

Malware harms infected individuals by stealing computational resources and possibly authenticating information. Malware also creates negative externalities for all users by enabling the creation of botnets for criminal enterprise, e.g. DDoS or phishing. Why is there such a variance in the percentage of malware infections across nations? While there may be idiosyncratic or ad-hoc explanations fo...

This contribution offers a critical reflection on fisheries crime as described in the Spanish Penal Code. It sets out reasons why its treatment is considered ineffective, and administrative offences sanctions provided for Law 3/2001 Maritime Fisheries are more effective dissuasive. However, it also considers that legislative policy relying severity of effectiveness may be counterproductive. The...

This article examines the rulings from International Criminal Court’s Pre-Trial Chambers and Appeals Chamber regarding relationship between law of immunities, in particular heads state immunity, exercise jurisdiction by international criminal courts context Bashir Case. It does an analysis these decisions, highlighting manner through which chambers engaged with legal reasonings presented especi...

Title of Document: DOES PROCESS MATTER IN MILITARY SENTENCING? A STUDY OF THE TRIAL PENALTY IN AIR FORCE COURTS-MARTIAL Patricia D. Breen, Master of Arts, 2008 Directed by: Assistant Professor Brian D. Johnson Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice Prior sentencing research has largely ignored the military justice system even though over two million people are subject to its jurisdictio...

A century ago, Progressive reformers adopted a more modem construction of childhood as a developmental period of innocence, dependence, and vulnerability. They embraced a more scientific understanding of social control positive criminology and tried to identify the causes of crime and to treat, rather than to punish, offenders. Reformers combined the new vision of childhood with new insights in...

This Article analyzes cartel criminalization in Europe from a deterrence and institutional perspective. First, it investigates the idea of criminalization by putting it in perspective with the more general question of what types of sanctions a jurisdiction might adopt against collusive behavior. Second, it analyzes the institutional element of criminalization by (1) discussing the compatibility...