the principle of equality of arms means that each party in an action shall present her claim in an environment so that this does not put him in a worse condition compared to the other party of the trial. this principle has been internationally and locally embraced by authorities. from the perspective of international documents, the acceptance of this principle is partly influenced by the accept...

At first blush, there would seem to be few ethical problems with knowledge acquisition in a law enforcement context. For that context is one of public safety and criminal justice, both worthy ends, and both more likely to be achieved the better our knowledge base. Furthermore, if our managerial philosophy for knowledge acquisition is intelligence-led, then knowledge acquisition will be a critic...

Issues pertaining to the use of the death penalty are many and varied. Far too often debate regarding the use of the death penalty centers on emotional arguments regarding the moral questions generated by the use of the death penalty. This paper strives to examine issues surrounding capital punishment utilizing a systems analysis approach. Two models were created utilizing the PowerSim modeling...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the degree of abuse or criminal behavior among young females presenting for reproductive health care services. METHODS An evaluation was conducted among Alaskan females age 10 through 15 years enrolled in Medicaid. Subjects were identified who had experienced reproductive health outcomes. The Medicaid file was linked to a Child Protective Services database and a Juvenile...

This chapter reviews the spread of harm reduction services in European criminal justice systems, and their evaluation. It begins with a discussion of the tensions and contradictions inherent in providing harm reduction services (which may accept continued drug use) in criminal justice settings (that do not). It then draws on research carried out for the Connections project, for its predecessor ...

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BACKGROUND To reduce criminal recidivism and drug use, it has been proposed that the substance abuse treatment delivery system cut across different components of the criminal justice continuum. Arrest, at the front end of this continuum, may represent a critical moment to motivate people with substance use disorders (SUD) to seek treatment but is often over looked as an intervention point. We u...

During the past fifteen years, the term fetal abuse has been applied to physical and developmental harms caused by prenatal drug exposure, but not to other preventable threats to fetal well-being. Although Roe v. Wade established the legal rationale for fetal abuse prosecutions, which held that a state may have a compelling interest in intervening in a woman’s pregnancy after the fetus reaches ...

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. . . Advances [in cognitive neuroscience] have breathed new life into very old arguments about human agency, moral responsibility, and the proper ends of criminal punishment. A prominent group of cognitive neuroscientists, joined by sympathetic philosophers, lawyers, and social scientists, have drawn upon the tools of their discipline in an effort to embarrass, discredit, and ultimately overth...