Abstract This article focuses on the ability to protect three non-traditional signs as trade marks in EU: smell (olfactory marks), taste (gustatory marks) and feel (tactile marks). All types of subject matter can meet definition a sign. According majority view literature practice, none currently be represented register with sufficient clarity precision, however. It is argued that veracity findi...

A comparative analysis of the area of the cortex that is adjacent to the primary visual area (V1), indicates that the lateral extrastriate cortex of primitive mammals was likely to contain only a single visuotopically organized field, the second visual area (V2). Few, if any, other visual areas existed. The opposing hypothesis, that primitive mammals had a 'string' of small visual areas in the ...

The widespread availability and ubiquity of mobile technology to enhance accessibility and communication has resulted into its usage in different educational contexts in developing countries. On the other hand, the mobile devices are facing some critical challenges such as low bandwidth environment, in particular, among others that significantly impede the quality of service, giving a way forwa...

This paper reviews the potential role of feedback in visual masking, for and against. Our analysis reveals constraints for feedback mecha- nisms that limit their potential role in visual masking, and in all other general brain functions. We propose a feedforward model of visual masking, and provide a hypothesis to explain the role of feedback in visual masking and visual processing in general. ...