Introduction: At least three major geochemical reservoirs have been identified in the crust-mantle system of Mars, including the primitive mantle, an ancient highly depleted mantle, best sampled by the most LREE-depleted basaltic shergottites, and an ancient enriched crust [e.g., Refs. 1-4]. Some workers, evaluating both isotopic and geochemical data, have suggested additional reservoirs, for e...

The Tuscany Magmatic Province consists of a Miocene to Pleistocene association wide variety rock types, including peraluminous crustal anatectic granites and rhyolites, calcalkaline shoshonitic suites ultrapotassic lamproites. In addition the magma types already recognised, occurrence new, distinct type at Capraia Elba islands in mafic enclaves San Vincenzo rhyolites has been suggested by recen...

As the oceanic plates move apart at midocean ridges, rocks from Earth’s mantle, far below, rise to fill the void, mostly via slow plastic flow. As the rock approaches the top of its journey, however, partial melting occurs, so that the upper 6 kilometers of oceanic crust are composed of melts, which both erupt on the seafloor as lava and crystallize beneath the surface to form what are known as...

Introduction: Martian (SNC) meteorites are igneous rocks from young (except for ALH 84001, which is much older), thick lava flows or shallow intrusions [1]. The shergottites (‘S’ of SNC) can be categorized according to LREE depletion into highly, moderately, and slightly depleted groups [1]. The La/Lu ratio (and other depletion indicators) is positively correlated with oxygen fugacity, and this...

• Continental crust was formed during metamorphic events in amalgamated supercontinents. Granites by dehydration melting (upper crust) and mantle-derived fluids (lower crust). Mantle reach the middle-upper along shear zones generate granites. Until middle of 20th century, continental considered to be dominantly granitic. This hypothesis revised after Second World War when several new studies le...

The subaerial surface of Koolau volcano is composed of lavas that define the distinctive endmember composition for Hawaiian shield lavas, known as the Koolau component, now designated as the Makapuustage. The geochemical characteristics of lavas recovered by the Koolau Scientific Drilling Project (KSDP) show that this distinctive composition forms a <300-m thick veneer. Below this veneer, from ...

The Variscan high-grade metamorphic basement of northern Sardinia and southern Corsica record lower Carboniferous anatexis related to post-collisional decompression the orogen. Migmatites exposed in Punta Bianca locality (Italy) consist quartz + biotite plagioclase K-feldspar orthogneisses, garnet cordierite-bearing diatexite metatexites, derived from metasediments. Field evidence, petrographic...