To expand CERN testing capability to superconducting devices that cannot be installed in existing test facilities because of their size and/or mass, CERN is building a new cryogenic test facility for large and heavy devices. The first devices to be tested in the facility will be the S-FRS superconducting magnets for the FAIR project that is currently under construction at the GSI Research Cente...

We introduce an improved microwave calibration method for use in a cryogenic environment, based on a traditional three-standard calibration, the Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration. The modified calibration method takes advantage of additional information from multiple measurements of an ensemble of realizations of a superconducting resonator, as a new pseudo-Open standard, to correct errors in...

This paper presents a sixth order Butterworth switched capacitor (SC) low pass filter with radiationhardened-by-design (RHBD) for cryogenic applications. Implemented in a 0.5μm SiGe BiCMOS technology, this cryogenic SC filter is capable of operating over an ultrawide temperature (UWT) range from -180oC to 120oC and under high-energy particle radiation environment on the lunar surface. This is t...

Rapidly-frozen hydrated (cryopreserved) specimens combined with cryo-scanning x-ray fluorescence microscopy provide an ideal approach for investigating elemental distributions in biological cells and tissues. However, because cryopreservation does not deactivate potentially infectious agents associated with Risk Group 2 biological materials, one must be concerned with contamination of expensive...

New generation x-ray instruments for spacecraft such as ASTRO-E and CONSTELLATION-X have very specialized requirements, notably operation at cryogenic temperatures. Luxel Corporation, under a NASA Phase I SBIR contract, undertook demonstrating feasibility of producing polyimide films suitable for use as x-ray filter substrates specifically optimized for cryogenic applications. 5000Å thick polyi...

The capability to measure Q factors at cryogenic temperatures enhances the ability to study relaxation processes in solids. Here we present a high-precision cryogenic setup with the ability to measure Q factors of at least 10(9). This level of sensitivity offers new potential for analyzing relaxation processes in solids and for correlating mode shape and relaxation strength. Our improved method...

The deuterium-tritium (D-T) and deuterium-deuterium neutron yield ratio in cryogenic inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments is used to examine multifluid effects, traditionally not included in ICF modeling. This ratio has been measured for ignition-scalable direct-drive cryogenic DT implosions at the Omega Laser Facility [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)OPCOB80030-401810...

Cryogenic fluids have found many practical applications in today’s world, from cooling superconducting magnets to fueling launch vehicles. In many of these applications the cryogenic fluid is initially introduced into piping systems that are in excess of 150 degrees Kelvin higher than the fluid. This leads to voracious evaporation of the fluid and significant pressure fluctuations, which is acc...

Modern hardware devices that are idle for a certain period of time enter into sleep mode as a means of reducing power consumption. Naturally, devices should remain in sleep mode for as long as possible to maximize energy savings. However, a growing number of applications perform non-urgent background tasks, which may force hardware to wake up. It would be better if such non-urgent activities co...

Cryogenic targets, thin plastic shells surrounding thick cryogenic deuterium layers, are used to achieve nuclear fusion. These targets are irradiated by lasers causing the targets to implode and create fusion reactions by forcing the deuterium inside to fuse together. The cryogenic targets are pressurized with deuterium gas, and then the targets are chilled to about 20K to freeze an ice layer o...