Background Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total protein (TP) concentration (mainly due to a dysfunctional blood-CSF barrier (B-CSFB)) with normal cell count is a hallmark for the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Aims This work presents the evaluation of B-CSFB dysfunction with respect to the course, severity, and clinical features of GBS. Materials and Methods A sample of CSF was...

The glymphatic system is a recently defined brain-wide paravascular pathway for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) exchange that facilitates efficient clearance of solutes and waste from the brain. CSF enters the brain along para-arterial channels to exchange with ISF, which is in turn cleared from the brain along para-venous pathways. Because soluble amyloid β clearance dep...

We describe a case with a false-negative PCR-based analysis for JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a patient with clinical and radiological findings suggestive of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) who was on chronic immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Our patient developed rapidly progressive global decline with clinical and radiographic findings suggestive ...

The human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation factor (hGM-CSF) gene was cloned in the pET 23a( +) expression vector under the control of strong bacteriophage T7 transcription and translation signals. The hGM-CSF gene was transferred into E. coli strainBL21 (DE3)pLysS andIPTG was used for induction of GM-CSF gene. Production of the target protein was obtained as revealed by ELISA and ...

introduction: in iran, thousands of young individuals become victims of head injury annually. head injury can damage neuronal cells which may in turn complicate the recovery of the patients. also, the increase of iron in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) following head injury may contribute to the hypoxic-ischemia brain damage by catalyzing the formation of free radicals (harber-weiss rection). the obj...

abstractbackgroundline of treatment for management of hydrocephalus despite available new techniques andsystems of shunting. associated complications should be recognized and managed properly,but the most recognized complications are shunt obstruction which its prevalencethrough surgical approach is discussed here. two approaches (frontal and parietal) are usedto insert ventriculoperitoneal shu...

Osteoclasts are induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-?B (RANK) ligand (RANKL). Monocyte/macrophage lineages thought to be osteoclast precursors; however, such cells have not been fully characterized owing a lack tools for their identification. Osteoclast precursors express (CSF-1R) RANK. However, the capacity conventional methods usi...

The aim of this study was to determine whether anthocyanins and their phase II metabolites permeate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B) sheep profile these compounds in biofluids after chokeberry intraruminal administration. Anthocyanins were analyzed using micro-HPLC-MS/MS. After administration, absorbed occurred body fluids mainly form methylated, glucuronidated, sulfated derivati...

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), a form of communicating hydrocephalus, is characterized by normal mean CSF pressure. MR imaging is essential to establish the presence of ventricular di-latation and to exclude other conditions that also may be responsible for the clinical triad of gait disorder , mental slowing, and urinary incontinence. Clinical features that support the diagnosis of NPH i...