C T LYMPHOCYTE-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) blockade using the human anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody CP-675,206 has antitumor activity in melanoma (1). Blockade of CTLA4 binding to its B7 ligands results in disruption of peripheral immune tolerance and enhanced T cell activation (2), which can cause secondary autoimmune endocrinopathies, including hypophysitis and thyroiditis (1, 3, 4). We herei...

The role of B cells in the development of CD4+ regulatory T cells has been emphasized recently. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the antigen-presenting splenic B cells converted naïve CD4+CD25- T cells into CD4+CD25+Foxp3- T cells without additional cytokines or chemicals with regulatory activity and that referred to as Treg-of-B cells. The present study further showed that Treg-of-B...

The inhibitory receptor CTLA4 has a key role in peripheral tolerance of T cells for both normal and tumor-associated antigens. Murine experiments suggested that blockade of CTLA4 might have antitumor activity and a clinical experience with the blocking antibody ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma did show durable tumor regressions in some patients. Therefore, a phase II study of ipi...

BACKGROUND AND AIM The connection between gene polymorphisms of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is still vague and blurred. The purpose of this study is to precisely estimate the association of the polymorphisms of CTLA4 with the risk of PBC by using a meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNK...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that results in chronic inflammation of different organ systems. Several susceptibility loci for SLE have been suggested in different populations, but the nature of the susceptibility genes has yet to be determined. The programmed cell death 1 gene (PDCD1), the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) gene, and the methyl-Cp...

DNA-based vaccination has emerged as a promising method of immunisation since the first demonstration of this technology. Improving the antibody responses is desirable for the protective efficacy and hence broad application of these vaccines. We examined the immunogenicity of a Plasmodium-based DNA vaccine that was targeted to antigen presenting cells by fusion to CTLA4. Fusion proteins compris...

Genetic polymorphisms in cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) play an influential role in graft rejection and the long-term clinical outcome of organ transplantation. We investigated the association of five CTLA4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs733618 C/T, rs4553808 A/G, rs5742909 C/T, rs231775 A/G, and rs3087243 G/A) with de novo malignancy in 1463 Chinese renal transp...

One of the most significant clinical advances in cancer immunotherapy to date has been the targeting of the immune “checkpoints” that inhibit effector T-cell function. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), which was one among the first checkpoint regulators to be characterized, is transiently expressed by activated effector T cells and constitutively expressed on regulatory T cel...

Malignant neoplasms cells are characterized by clonal evolution that is resistant to the applied antitumor drug and evasion from effects of immune system. Therefore, a promising direction in modern oncology stimulation response against neoplasms. This method can be used combination with other anticancer drugs alone. Tumor produce CTLA4 (CTLA4 — cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4) PD-1 (programmed...

The CD28 costimulatory pathway is critical to T cell activation. Blockade of the interaction of CD28 with its ligands CD80 and CD86 using CTLA4-Ig has been proposed as a therapy for a number of immune-based disorders. We have used a murine model of influenza virus infection to study the role of CD28-dependent costimulation in the development of antiviral immune responses. In vivo treatment with...