This study utilizes Bronfenbrenner's ecological model (1979) to examine multiple and interactive environmental (familial, social, and cultural) predictors of adolescent alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms. A stratified random sample of 401 American Indian youths was interviewed in 2001. The findings showed that family members' substance problems, peer misbehaviors, and participation in generic cu...

The purpose of the study is to develop an instructional design model to support learners' continuous reflection during the learning process in cultural diversity education. Current instructional models for cultural diversity education are inappropriately utilized in school settings due to the lack of specific guidelines for instructors’ and learners’ activities and their insufficient explanatio...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact religious rituals on cultural identity- a review relationship between practices and belonging.
 Methodology: adopted desktop research methodology. Desk refers secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. is basically involved in collecting from existing resources hence it often considered low cost technique as...

BACKGROUND International guidance for advance care planning (ACP) supports the integration of spiritual and religious aspects of care within the planning process. Religious leaders' perspectives could improve how ACP programs respect patients' faith backgrounds. This study aimed to examine: (i) how religious leaders understand and consider ACP and its implications, including (ii) how religion a...

The creation and use of metaphors is an indispensable element of our mental skills and our ability to use language. Modern studies of metaphor underline its almost unlimited range. Perceived this way, a metaphor is not only a rhetorical figure occurring in poetical language and in several different specific types of discourse. The ability to create and use metaphors is used in everyday and scie...

the article provides a critical assessment of the more recent literature that relies on theoretical frameworks such as post modernism and globalization to deal with national identity, ethnicity and cultural mobility. explaining sensitive and complicated issues such as identity requires the extensive use of the native historical, cultural and sociological sources related to the iranian experienc...