The stability of networks is greatly influenced by their degree distributions and in particular by their breadth. Networks with broader degree distributions are usually more robust to random failures but less robust to localized attacks. To better understand the effect of the breadth of the degree distribution we study two models in which the breadth is controlled and compare their robustness a...

Three antibody reagents that neutralize primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates were tested for magnitude and breadth of neutralization when used alone or in double or triple combinations. Hyperimmune anti-HIV immunoglobulin (HIVIG) is derived from the plasma of HIV-1-infected donors, and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 2F5 and 2G12 bind to distinct regions of the HIV-1 envelo...

n engl j med 361;24 nejm.org december 10, 2009 2306 as a link between vaccination schedules and immune-mediated disorders. Such processes are not appropriate for patents in part because, at least in health care, patenting them frustrates the objectives of scientific discovery in at least three ways. First, physicians’ decision making may infringe on such a patent, and liability can also arise f...

A 1984 problem of S. Z. Ditor asks whether there exists a lattice of cardinality א2, with zero, in which every principal ideal is finite and every element has at most three lower covers. We prove that the existence of such a lattice follows from either one of two axioms that are known to be independent of ZFC, namely (1) Martin’s Axiom restricted to collections of א1 dense subsets in posets of ...

We define normal curves in Minkowski space-time E4 1 . In particular, we characterize the spacelike normal curves in E4 1 whose Frenet frame contains only non-null vector fields, as well as the timelike normal curves in E4 1 , in terms of their curvature functions. Moreover, we obtain an explicit equation of such normal curves with constant curvatures.

An attempt has been made to fit the derived equation on the experimental inverse relaxation curves by employing Levenberg-Marquardt’s method for nonlinear regression and calculation of the constant values involved in the equation. The relaxation curves can be classified into ordinary relaxation, mixed relaxation and inverse relaxation curves. There seems to be good concurrence between the exper...