This study was designed to determine the role of endogenous prostaglandins (PG) and nitric oxide (NO) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion in conscious rats. LPS (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) given i.p. stimulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity measured 2 h later. A non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.p.), piroxicam ...

Cyclooxygenase (COX; prostaglandin G/H synthase, EC 1.14.99.1) catalyzes the first two steps in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs). The two COX isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 are the targets of the widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indicating a role for these enzymes in pain, fever, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The ubiquitous constitutive expression of COX-1 and inducible ex...

Prostaglandins are produced constitutively by many tissues in the body, including brain, gut, and kidney, and their synthesis increases at sites of inflammation. Cyclooxygenase (COX), the enzyme responsible for the initial rate-limiting metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2 and subsequently to prostaglandin H2, was first purified in ram seminal vesicles and was cloned in 1988 by De...

17. Feng L, Xia Y, Tang W, Hwang D, Wilson C. Expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-l, COX-2, and cytosolic phopspholipase A2 (cPLA2) in anti-GBM antibody (Ab) glomerulonephritis (GN) (abstract). J Am Soc Nephrol1993; 4: 452 18. Komhoff M, Grone HJ, Klein T, Seyberth HW, Nusing RM. Localization of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in adult and fetal human kidney: implication for renal function. Am J Physiol...

The cyclooxygenases catalyze the rate-limiting step in the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid and are the pharmacological targets of (NSAIDs). In brain, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, is selectively expressed in neurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. As an immediate-early gene, COX-2 is dramatically and transiently induced i...

Recent clinical trials raised concerns regarding the cardiovascular toxicity of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is now being reconsidered as a target for chemoprevention. Our aims were to determine whether selective COX-1 inhibition could delay or prevent cancer development and also clarify the underlying mechanisms. Data clearly showed that COX-1 was ...