UNLABELLED Summary RATIONAL Female genital mutilation (FGM) is prevalent in northern Ghana, as the practice is seen as a passage rite to women adulthood and thus undertaken just before marriage. OBJECTIVES We determined the changes in trend of FGM in deliveries at the Navrongo War Memorial hospital, and compared the outcomes and FGM status. DESIGN Retrospective extraction and analysis of ...

BACKGROUND Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful practice prevalent in 35 countries, mainly in Africa, as well as in some Middle Eastern countries and a few Asian countries. FGM comprises all procedures that involve partial or complete resection of, or other injury to, external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. The practice of FGM has spread to Western countries due to migration....

more likely than those without FGM to have adverse obstetric outcomes. Moreover, the risk of an adverse outcome increases with more extensive FGM (see FGM types on page 3). This information is important for healthcare providers looking after women with FGM during childbirth. FGM remains a pressing human rights and a public health issue. It is expected that reliable evidence about its harmful ef...

The static buckling of a cylindrical shell of a four-lobed cross section of variable thickness subjected to non-uniform circumferentially compressive loads is investigated based on the thin-shell theory. Modal displacements of the shell can be described by trigonometric functions, and Fourier’s approach is used to separate the variables. The governing equations of the shell are reduced to eight...

BACKGROUND Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a harmful traditional practice deeply rooted in 28 Sub-Saharan African countries. Its prevalence in The Gambia is 76.3%. The objective of this study was to gain precise information on the long-term health consequences of FGM/C in The Gambia as well as on its impact on delivery and on the health of the newborns. METHODS Data were collecte...

BACKGROUND The practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is common in several African countries and some parts of Asia. This practice is not only a violation of human rights, but also puts women at risk of adverse health outcomes. This paper analysed the trends in the prevalence of FGM in Burkina Faso and investigated factors that are associated with this practice following the enactment of a...

A new closed form formulation of three-dimensional (3-D) refined higher-order shell theory (RHOST) to analyze the free vibration of composite circular cylindrical shells has been presented in this article. The shell is considered to be laminated with orthotropic layers and simply supported boundary conditions. The proposed theory is used to investigate the effects of the in-plane and rotary ine...

Using numerical and asymptotic methods, the lowest natural frequencies vibration modes of a structure consisting closed circular cylindrical shell with an end cap attached to it, having shape shallow spherical segment, are studied in paper. Three types vibrations described. Eigenfrequencies first type, close shell, were previous works. In this paper, we study forms second type (cylindrical shel...

Purpose: Egypt has the highest prevalence of chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and also a high prevalence of female genital mutilation (FGM). The high prevalence chronic hepatitis C has been attributed to HCV transmission by contaminated injections for the control of schistosomiasis. HCV infection has not been well studied in the context of female genital mutilation (FGM). We sought to...