objective: inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of central neuropathic pain. there are several reports that cytokine production is increased at the lesion site following spinal injury. a few studies have investigated the supraspinal levels of these cytokines. this study intended to determine tnf-α and il-6 release in the ventroposte...

catalytic osmylation of cis and trans 2-cyclohexene-cyclohexanol (1a) and (1b) are carried out in the presence of n-methyl morpholine-n-oxide. under the same conditions, only the cis isomer reacted, leading to triol (3). the steric hindrance of the equatorial oh group probably prevents the trans isomer from entering into such reaction. triol (3) was also obtained from the reduction of the diol-...

background: the aim of the present study was to investigate the immunomodulation effects of aqueous garlic extract (age) in the cultured macrophages infected by leishmania major . methods: after j774 macrophages proliferation in rpmi1640 and incubation with leishmania for 72 hours, age was added in doses of 9.25, 18.5, 37, 74 and 148 mg/ml for 18, 24 and 48 hours and cell culture supernatants w...

in order to investigate the effects of salicylic acid on some growth and stomatal characteristics of calendula plant, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with five replications in the research greenhouse of shahid bahonar university of kerman in 2013. salt stress levels including 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 mmhos/cm were applied to the soil and salicylic acid solutio...

introduction: this report describes the synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy(s-benzoylthioacetyl)-d-glucose (s-bz-ta-dg), radiolabeled with [99mtc(co)3(oh2)3]+ complex with a procedure including deprotection of the benzoyl group, characterization by hplc using a c18 reverse phase column and preliminary biodistribution study in normal mice. methods: [99mtc(co)3(h2o)3]+ complex was used to label ta-dg w...

larger tumor burden leads to higher serum ca-125 levels and the ability to perform optimal tumor cytoreduction of advanced ovarian cancer is also a function of tumor bulk. the purpose of this study was to identify the ability of preoperative serum ca-125 to predict possibility of optimal primary tumor cytoreduction in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (eoc). a total of 90 patients with eoc were eval...

in present investigation, zno nanostructure was synthesized by means of a precipitation and sonochemical methods. the x-ray diffraction (xrd) pattern is shown that the wurtzite structure of zno has the hexagonal symmetry and there is no impurity. the average zno particles crystallite size was calculated about 41 nm. the sem and tem images reveal nanostructure zno particles with a cauliflower-li...

background: absent in melanoma 2 (aim2) is an intracellular microbial dsdna sensor which plays an important role in production of proinflammatory cytokines through apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (asc) and caspase-1. micro-rnas (mirnas) play important roles in regulation of immune related genes. however, there is little information ...

objective(s):this study examined whether conjugated linoleic acid (cla) supplementation affects insulin sensitivity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppar-γ) and glucose transporter type 4 (glut-4) protein expressions in the skeletal muscles of rats during endurance exercise. materials and methods:sprague-dawley male rats were randomly divided into hs (high-fat diet (hfd) se...

stevia rebaudiana bertoni is a medicinal, perennial and herbaceous plant from asteraceae family with sweet glycosides in its leaves. salinity stress is one of the important limiters in agricultural productions. salinity influences the growth and development of plant by effect on more activities in physiological and morphological characteristics. to study the effect of salinity on morphological ...