Background: The harmful effect of smoking on axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in relation to radiographic progression is well known, but there are controversies around the role cigarettes other manifestations SpA, such as peripheral involvement. Besides, it has been observed an inverse association between alcohol consumption and disease activity functional impairment 1 , although still unclear i...

Sickle cell disease is an inherited monogenic disease. The most frequent form is due to a homozygous mutation in the S allele that encodes haemoglobin S. Its clinical course, while highly variable, is characterised by chronic haemolytic anaemia and vaso-occlusive events leading to early multiorgan failure. We present the case of a 7-month-old infant who was brought to the emergency department b...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are all associated with a probably distinct immune-mediated pathogenesis that is central to the pathophysiology of each disease but ultimately leads to a chronic infl ammatory response as a fi nal common pathway. Th is fundamental infl ammatory response is characterised by an overproduction of pro infl ammatory...