BACKGROUND Ageing, immunity and stresstolerance are inherent characteristics of all organisms. In animals, these traits are regulated, at least in part, by forkhead transcription factors in response to upstream signals from the Insulin/Insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS) pathway. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, these phenotypes are molecularly linked such that activation of the ...

daf-16 is a forkhead-type transcription factor, functioning downstream of insulin-like signals, and is known to be critical to the regulation of life span in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mammalian DAF-16 homologues include AFX, FKHR and FKHRL1, which contain a conserved forkhead domain and three putative phosphorylation sites for the Ser/Thr kinase Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), as well as for DAF-16. ...

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, dauer formation, stress resistance, and longevity are determined in part by DAF-2 (insulin receptor-like protein), AGE-1 (phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase catalytic subunit), and DAF-16 (forkhead transcription factor). Mutations in daf-2 and age-1 result in increased resistance to heat, oxidants, and UV. We have discovered that daf-2 and age-1 mutations r...

To prevent complement-mediated autologous tissue damage, host cells express a number of membrane-bound complement inhibitors. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) is a GPI-linked membrane complement regulator that is widely expressed in mammalian tissues including the kidney. DAF inhibits the C3 convertase of both the classical and alternative pathways. Although DAF deficiency contributes to t...

The role of complement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has been controversial and may depend on a number of factors, including the affinity and isotype of the pathogenic antibodies involved. We have recently shown that mouse erythrocytes deficient in the membrane C3 regulatory protein, complement receptor 1–related gene/ protein y (Crry), but not decay-accelerating fac...

Many musical instruments exhibit an inherent latency or delayed auditory feedback (DAF) between actuator activation and the occurrence of sound. We investigated how DAF (73ms and 250ms) affects musically trained (MT) and non-musically trained (NMT) people’s ability to synchronize the audible strum of an actuated guitar to a metronome at 60bpm and 120bpm. The long DAF matched a subdivision of th...

The relationship between adaptation to delayed auditory feedback (DAF) and oral sensory feedback as measured by tasks of oral form discrimination (OFD) was investigated. In addition, the interactions between OFD ability and attempts to heighten subjects' awareness of oral feedback while speaking under DAF conditions by giving instruction to subjects as well as the condition of instruction itsel...

Purpose:The present study examined the effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) as a rate control intervention for dysarthric speakers with Parkinson's disease.Adverse reactions to relatively long delay intervals are often observed during clinical use of DAF, and may result from improper "matching" of the delayed signal.To facilitate optimal use of DAF, clinicians may need to provide instruct...

this experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of bulb harvesting time and indole butyric acid as well as changes of endogenous growth regulators, indole acetic acid and abscisic acid during scale propagation of lilium ledebourii (baker) boiss. treatments consisted of bulb harvesting time (0, 50, 100 and 150 days after flowering) in the natural habitat of damash, and iba concentratio...

The lack of cure to age associated Parkinson's disease (PD) has been challenging the efforts of researchers as well as health care providers. Recent evidences suggest that diabetic patients tend to show a higher future risk for PD advocating a strong correlation between PD and Diabetes, thus making it intriguing to decipher common genetic cues behind these ailments. We carried out studies on id...