We studied patterns in avian cholera mortality, the presence of Pasteurella multocida in the water or sediment, and water chemistry characteristics in 10 wetlands at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex (California, USA), an area of recurrent avian cholera epizootics, during the winters of 1997 and 1998. Avian cholera outbreaks (>or=50 dead birds) occurred on two wetlands during the ...

Accurately assessing free ranging animals’ patterns of surface activity and refuge use is critical, yet fundamentally challenging for biologists and wildlife managers. We evaluate the accuracy of an automated technique temperature based activity estimation (TBAE) in estimating surface activity and refuge use patterns of two sympatric reptiles, the western diamond backed rattlesnake (Crotalus at...

Resistance management is essential for maintaining the efficacy and long-term durability of transgenic corn engineered to control western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte). Theoretically, a refuge can be provided by growing susceptible (refuge) plants in either a separate section of the field adjacent to resistant (transgenic) plants, or as a seed mixture. We examined the ...

Confronted with the pressure of increased security threats and financial fraud, Customs administrations worldwide changed regulations and added restrictions to international trade in recent years. At the same time, governments also want to reduce the administrative burden for businesses in order to create an economically competitive zone. The EU is now implementing e-government ideas in new pro...