BACKGROUND This study compared the effectiveness of a Specially Designed Paste Carrier technique with the Syringe-Spreader technique and the Syringe-Lentulo spiral technique in the intracanal placement of calcium hydroxide. METHODS Three groups, each containing 15 single-rooted human anterior teeth were prepared using standardized Mtwo rotary instruments to a master apical file size 40 with 0...

OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to investigate effects of 2% minocycline-HCl paste root conditioning on periodontal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, cementum slices affected by periodontitis were randomly conditioned with 2% minocycline-HCl paste, 2% minocycline-HCl liquid, and 0.9% saline. NIH3T3 cells were cultured and attached to the each slide, and the viability and proliferation ...

AIM The aim of these case reports is to present a treatment to promote root-end growth and apexification in nonvital immature permanent teeth in children. METHODS AND MATERIALS Three cases were presented where the calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste Metapex® was placed in the root canals of immature permanent teeth using disposable plastic tips. The teeth involved were evaluated radiographic...

When programmers develop and evolve software, they frequently copy and paste (C&P) code from an existing code base, or sources such as web pages or documentation. We believe that programmers follow a small number of well defined C&P usage patterns when they program, and understanding these patterns would enable us to design tools to improve the quality of software. We conducted an ethnographic ...

Software development relies critically on code reuse, which software engineers typically realise through handwritten abstractions, such as functions, methods, or classes. However, such abstractions can be challenging to develop and maintain. One alternative form of re-use is copy-paste-modify, a methodology in which developers explicitly duplicate source code to adapt the duplicate for a new pu...

The Subtext project seeks to make programming fundamentally easier by altering the nature of programming languages and tools. This paper defines an operational semantics for an essential subset of the Subtext language. It also presents a fresh approach to the problems of mutable state, I/O, and concurrency. Inclusions reify copy & paste edits into persistent relationships that propagate changes...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the quality of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2)] paste filling (Ultracal, Ultradent) associated or not with Ca(OH)(2)-containing gutta-percha points (Calcium Hydroxide Plus Points, Roeko) in curved root canals. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and twenty roots of extracted human teeth, randomly divided into three curvature ranges (mild - 0 ...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate a possible relationship between the duration of the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. INTRODUCTION The oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing are independent from each other but may be related. METHODS We used videofluoroscopy to evaluate 30 healthy volunteers between 29 and 77 years of age who swallowed 5- and 10-ml liquid and past...