Abstract This paper aims to present possibilities for monitoring access daycare at the municipal level. As a methodological strategy, education provision rates were calculated using enrollment data from school census and population through ratio-correlation method. Results showed that, on average, municipalities serve 32.2% of children aged up 3 years, inequalities related location socioeconomi...

Work-Life Balance Practices, Performance-Related Pay, and Gender Equality in the Workplace: Evidence from Japan* This paper uses unique firm-level panel data from Japan and provides new evidence on the possible impact on gender equality in the workplace of human resources management (HRM) practices. Specifically we consider a number of work-life balance (WLB) practices that are developed in par...

BACKGROUND The role of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure in the development of allergic sensitization in children is unclear, and few birth cohort studies have incorporated spatiotemporal exposure assessment. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the association between TRAP and atopy in 1-year-old children from an ongoing national birth cohort study in four Canadian cities. METHODS We...

As of Dec 2, 1986, there have been 27,704 adult cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported in the United States; death has been reported in 56% of these cases. In addition, 394 (1.4%) cases of AIDS have been reported in children younger than 13 years of age, with 240 deaths; 347 (88%) are less than 5 years old.’ Serologic testing has identified additional children in high-risk ...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases with childhood onset, and the disease incidence has increased from two-to fivefold over the past half century from, as of yet, unknown reasons. T1D occurs when the body's immune system turns against itself, destroying in a very specific and targeted way the pancreatic beta cells. T1D results from poorly defined interactions betwee...

OBJECTIVES To increase booster seat use among low income parents. DESIGN/METHODS A pre-test/post-test design conducted in nine daycare centers with post-test observations four to eight weeks after the intervention. INTERVENTION Parents who participated in an educational training received free seats, educational programs were provided to all daycare staff and children, and signs in parking l...

BACKGROUND Acute postoperative pain control in children is an essential component of postoperative care, particularly in daycare procedures. Giving patients continuous narcotic analgesics can be risky; however, a single dose may be sufficient. METHODS This study used a prospective, randomized controlled design and was conducted at the Pediatric Surgery Unit, Services Hospital, Lahore. In tota...