The German health care market is under a rapid rate of change, forcing especially hospitals to provide high-quality services at low costs. Appropriate measures for more effective and efficient service provision are process orientation and decision support by information technology of clinical pathway of a patient. The essential requirements are adequate modelling of clinical pathways as well as...

Handoff plays a pivotal role in wireless communication. It is responsible for providing seamless communication between Base Stations (BSs) when user moves from one cell to another. An accurate handoff decision is very hard because at the cell boundary Mobile Terminal (MT) experiences signal from serving BS as well as from neighbouring BSs. In this situation MT fluctuates between BSs due to whic...

Data mining applications in agriculture is a relatively new approach for forecasting / predicting of agricultural crop/animal management. In the present study an attempt has been made to study the influence of climatic parameters on soybean productivity using decision tree induction technique. The findings of Decision tree were framed into different rules for better understanding by the end use...

Although it is currently popular to model human associative learning using connectionist networks, the mechanism by which their output activations are converted to probabilities of response has received relatively little attention. Several possible models of this decision process are considered here, including a simple ratio rule, a simple difference rule, their exponential versions, and a winn...

Many organisations, nowadays, have developed their own databases, in which a large amount of valuable information, e.g., customers’ personal profiles, is stored. Such information plays an important role in organisations’ development processes as it can help them gain a better understanding of customers’ needs. To effectively extract such information and identify hidden relationships, there is a...

Behavioural phenomena are central to psychiatric disorders. Computational modelling allows the learning and decision-making processes underlying behaviour to be modelled in great detail. By doing so, specific and possibly highly complex hypotheses about the underlying processes can be directly tested on the data. The first part of this chapter introduces Markov Decision Problems (MDPs) as a for...

Managing the information stewardship lifecycle is a challenge. In the context of cloud computing, the stakeholders in cloud ecosystems must also take account of the demands of the information stewardship lifecycles of other participants in the ecosystem. We describe a modelling framework — incorporating tools from mathematical systems modelling, economics, and policy/user modelling — suitable f...

Humans know how to reason based on cause and effect, but cause and effect is not enough to draw conclusions due to the problem of imperfect information and uncertainty. To resolve these problems, humans reason combining causal models with probabilistic information. The theory that attempts to model both causality and probability is called probabilistic causation, better known as Causal Bayes Ne...

Decision support for planning and management of water resources needs to consider many target criteria simultaneously like water availability, water quality, flood protection, agriculture, ecology, etc. Hydrologic models provide information about the water balance components and are fundamental for the simulation of ecological processes. Objective of this contribution is to discuss the suitabil...

A key requirement in military simulation is to have executable models of tactical decision-making. Such models are used to simulate the behaviour of human entities such as submarine commanders, fighter pilots and infantry, with a view to producing realistic predictions about tactical outcomes. Tactics specify the means of achieving mission objectives, and should capture both reactive and delibe...