Stroke and cognitive impairment are common among older persons.1 It is estimated that the lifetime risk for stroke is approximately 1 in 5 for women and 1 in 6 for men,2 and almost one-third of persons with stroke, which typically may involve motor, sensory, or other deficits, may have a significant degree of cognitive impairment within several months of the event.1 Furthermore, silent strokes ...

Despite the USA’s image as a throwaway society, materials consumption per real GNP is declining, and has been for several years. Materials conservation practices in industry and a shift towards a service economy are two important factors in the decline of material intensiveness. The authors document this resource trend for the paper industry and conclude that an important cause of material inte...

THE TOPIC of mortality risk perceptions has somehow failed to engage the interest of demographers. Perhaps this is because in demography, as in social science more generally, the passage from socioeconomic change to individual perceptions of change has been assumed to be immediate, or to involve lags of little consequence. If individual perceptions adjust quickly to changing empirical realities...

The first 60 years of the 20th century saw a remarkable transformation in health and longevity in the United States and other industrialized countries. In 1900, life expectancy in the United States was only 47.3 years (46.3 for men and 48.3 for women and only 33 for blacks). Infectious diseases such as pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, and gastroenteritis were the leading causes of death and ...

Background and Purpose—The causes and characteristics of cognitive decline after stroke are poorly defined, because most studies have relied on the diagnosis of dementia after stroke, without measurement of prestroke cognitive function. Methods—The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive performance of 74 subjects from the Framingham Study cohort who had suffered a...

A large body of evidence identifies the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as an important driver of changes in climate. Changes in the AMOC have been implicated in climate events that occurred many thousands of years ago [1], and others that occurred much more recently, such as in the mid-1990s [2]. Continuous monitoring of the AMOC has only been possible since 2004 [3]. Measur...

INTRODUCTION Age-associated cognitive decline-or normal (non-pathological, normative, usual) cognitive ageing-is an important human experience which differs in extent between individuals. The determinants of the differences in age-related cognitive decline are not fully understood. Progress in the field is taking place across many areas of biomedical and psychosocial sciences. AREAS OF AGREEM...

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is affected by dieback (DB) and decline (D) diseases causing significant losses to hazelnut production in the Eshkevarat (Guilan province, northern Iran) as the main region for hazelnut production in Iran. Although, causal agents of these disorders have remained uncertain for many years. During 2017-18, results of a survey on DB and D diseases in hazelnut...

The following study aims to present a consistent framework for the sustainable development of the troglodyte village of Kandovan, taking into consideration the present situation of the village and the paramount importance of preserving its unique way of life with the ultimate goal of making efficient improvements on the living conditions of its inhabitants. Located in north-western Iran, this t...

Since the advent of Islamic Revolution in 1979 and due to foreign exchange controls by the Central Bank of Iran, the black market value of the Iranian rial had declined substantially as compared to its official value. In several articles published in professional journals I have first identified factors which has caused the rial to decline. I have then investigated the impact on Iranian economy...