A scientific delineation of geographical boundaries reflects the cognitive level abstraction and systematic analysis spatial variation objects is a basic issue geography. From perspective earth system science, this study first explicates core issues (e.g., concepts, contents, properties) boundaries. Based on principles scientificity systematicness, we then classify in terms intrinsic mechanisms...

Soil strata delineation is a fundamental step for any geotechnical engineering design. The dynamic penetration test (DPT) fast, low cost in situ that commonly used to locate boundaries between of differing density and driving resistance. However, DPT data are often noisy typically require time-consuming, manual interpretation. This paper investigates probabilistic method enables dissimilar soil...