BACKGROUND The long time use of opium has some effects on serums biochemical factors, the determination of this variation is a new approach in understanding off addiction and relive of drug abuser health. Hence in this study, these indicators in person who were withdrawing of opium have been studied. METHODS In this cross-sectional study bloods biochemical factors such as fasting blood sugar ...

BACKGROUND Substance abuse is one of the main health problems in Iran andawareness about its spread and procedure of spread in the society,particularly the susceptible society of students, is very important withregard to the population pyramid of Iran. METHODS This study was performed by cross-sectional method. The sampling sizewas 610 male students in pre-university grade by a probabilistic ...

BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that chronic opium abusers have lower thresholds for pain. Spinal anesthesia is a common procedure in anesthesia, which is performed through administration of drugs (usually local anesthetics) in the intrathecal space, to produce temporary pain relief. The aim of this study was to determine whether chronic opium abuse could have any possible effect on the dur...

This article deals with the relationship between opium revenue farming and the development of capitalist enterprises in Southeast Asia. It examines the role which opium played in the transformation of all Asian economies during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While few would deny that the unprecedented expansion of the opium trade by European traders had a major, usually destructi...

Opium addiction and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are endemic in different parts of Iran, particularly in Bam, where a massive earthquake occurred. This study was designed to compare the incidence rate and severity of CL cases among opium addicted and non-addicted individuals in south-eastern Iran. This study was carried out as a prospective cohort by active house-to-house visits of 1,481 habita...

In this slender volume, Dr Harding has set himself the task of explaining how a moral condemnation ofopium use arose in Britain in the latter halfofthe nineteenth century, only to be supplanted by a medical concept of drug addiction as a pathological disease. He claims that he has diverged from "conventional histories" and, guided methodologically by Michel Foucault, has "tried to describe the ...