Changes of policy on provision of services to drug users risk forcing thousands of people into detoxification and abstinence programmes before they are ready, a primary care specialist in drug misuse has warned. The potential consequences could be fatal. Steve Brinksman, a GP from Birmingham and clinical lead of the support network on Substance Misuse Management in General Practice, told a meet...

Cytomegalovirus culture positive breast milk was obtained from four mothers of very premature babies. The milk was stored at 0-5 degrees C in a domestic refrigerator for 48 hours or frozen for different durations at -20 degrees C. Cytomegalovirus survived in breast milk despite being frozen for 10 days at -20 degrees C.

Background: Some fish viruses, such as piscine orthoreovirus and infectious salmon anemia virus, target red blood cells (RBCs), highly replicate inside them and induce an immune response. However, the implications of RBCs in the context of birnavirus infection (i.e, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)) have not yet been studied. Methods:Ex vivo trout RBCs were obtained from peripheral b...

Technology is rampant, exponentially growing beyond the bounds normally comprehensible by the human mind. Many of these technologies are so fundamentally disruptive that they challenge the very practice of science. Discoveries once unimaginable except in science fiction are appearing at such a rapid rate that there is no time to evaluate their moral and ethical implications in a deliberate and ...

social stressors typically elicit two distinct behavioural responses in vertebrates: an active response (i.e., "fight or flight") or behavioural inhibition (i.e., freezing). Here, we report an interesting exception to this dichotomy in a Caribbean cleaner fish, which interacts with a wide variety of reef fish clients, including predatory species. Cleaning gobies appraise predatory clients as po...

in this paper, a numerical solution procedure is presented for the forced vibration of a piezoelectric nanowire under thermo-electro-mechanical loads based on the nonlocal elasticity theory within the framework of timoshenko beam theory. using hamilton’s principle, the nonlocal governing differential equations are derived. the governing equations and the related boundary conditions are discreti...