in order to protect individual and society from deviations and indecent activities, there are appropriate penal laws like hadd and ta’ zir in quran and traditions to halter administrative violators and social corrupters. in this regard, imprisonment in different forms has been considered as one of correctional punishments in narratives texts of shiite and sunnite. this article submits not only ...

â â â  â â  â  abstract â  this paper examines the two most important current efforts to devise new rules binding all nations the negotiations in the wto of trade rules and the negotiations under the un framework convention on climate change to devise rules restricting the annual emissions of greenhouse gases. both negotiations have failed after several years of intensive effort. there are rema...

the principle of legality is a fundamental principle of criminal law within all statutory legal systems. the principle has been recognized in the iranian legal system which has been influenced by islamic law as well as french law especially since the beginning of the codification era. conversely, in english law which is mainly defined by common law, recently have been taken significant steps to...

Background: With the idea of victim protection emerging and the emergence of supportive victimology in the twentieth century, the forgotten position of the victim in the criminal process has been restored and its findings expressed in the form of universal standards for victim protection. Support for the victim is indispensable and indisputable in criminal proceedings. This support has various ...