As software cost drivers are fuzzy and uncertain, software cost estimates are prone to a certain degree of estimation errors especially in their early stages of software development life cycle. However, most of the existing software cost estimation models in present literature only generate a single point estimate and do not explicitly reveal the degree of risks caused by their inaccuracies. Th...

The effort invested in a software project is one of the most challenging task and most analyzed variables in recent years in the process of project management. Software cost estimation predicts the amount of effort and development time required to build a software system. It is one of the most critical tasks and it helps the software industries to effectively manage their software development p...

Software cost estimation is one of the most crucial activities in software development process. In the past decades, many methods have been proposed for cost estimation. Case Based Reasoning (CBR) is one of these techniques. Feature selection is an important preprocessing stage of case based reasoning. Most existing feature selection methods of case-based reasoning are ‘wrappers’ which can usua...

one common negative side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is the development of incipient caries lesions around brackets, particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene. different methods have been used to prevent demineralization such as fluoride therapy and application of sealant to prevent caries. the recent effort to improve the resistance against the demineralization ...

Accurately estimating the cost of software development is crucial for effective project planning and resource allocation. However, traditional estimation methods rely heavily on expert judgment historical data, which can be time consuming prone to errors. This study suggests a learning-based model that leverages relational databases improve accuracy. The proposed approach estimates based effort...