Objective: The risk of cardiovascular disease increased in diabetic patients due to lipoprotein metabolism disorder and insulin resistance. There is different type of dyslipidemia in diabetic patient. The nicotinic acid (niacin) is categorized as vitamin B family and decreases low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) level and increases high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The aim of th...

background: the potential role of lipoprotein (a) changes and also inflammation in coronary artery disease (cad) have rendered these processes one of the most interesting objects of study in patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus. the aim of the current study was to evaluate lipoprotein (a) and other lipid profiles and also c-reactive protein (crp) as the predictors of cardiovascular dis...

Approximately 25.8 million Americans are living with diabetes, and an additional 79 million are classified as pre-diabetics. Healthcare costs for a diabetic patient are 2.3 times higher than the costs for a non-diabetic patient. The total cost of diabetes on the United States healthcare system in 2007 was recorded to be $174 billion. Management must be optimized in the most cost-effective manne...

It is well known that diabetes mellitus affects the immune system negatively through various ways. Diabetic patients are also considered as the immunocompromised group of patients. Infections with intestinal parasites are uncommon to cause high morbidity or mortalilty to man, but they are risky to diabetic patients. The study investigated the prevalence of comnion intestinal parasites in diabet...

A 49-year male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic foot syndrome was evaluated by comprehensive diabetic foot assessment. Photobiomodulation therapy (low-level laser therapy) was prescribed for neuropathic pain and symptoms with scanning and probe method for 10 sessions. Customized insoles were recommended for redistributing the plantar pressures and reducing stress on the diabe...

A 49-year-old male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and Diabetic Foot Syndrome (DFS) was evaluated by comprehensive diabetic foot assessment. 10-session photobiomodulation therapy (low-level laser therapy) prescribed for neuropathic pain symptoms applying the scanning probe method. Customized insoles were recommended redistributing plantar pressures reducing stress on foot’s surface 4 week...

Diabetic foot problems are not very glamorous. Nevertheless, the diabetic foot is the most common complication of diabetes, greater than retinopathy, nephropathy, heart attack and stroke combined. Throughout the world, foot lesions and foot infections are the leading causes of hospitalization and prolonged hospital stays for diabetics. Diabetic foot ulceration is the result of trauma to an inse...