An experiment investigated the assumption that natural indicators which exploit existing learned associations between a signal and an event make more effective warnings than previously unlearned symbolic indicators. Signal modality (visual, auditory) and task demand (low, high) were also manipulated. Warning effectiveness was indexed by accuracy and reaction time (RT) recorded during training a...

This study aims to provide insight into which modality is most effective for educating low-educated adolescents about smoking. It compares the persuasive effects of print and audiovisual smoking education materials. We conducted a field experiment with two conditions (print vs. video) and three measurement times (Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3). A total of 221 high school students in the second yea...

This study is the first to create and use spontaneous (i.e., unrehearsed) pro-social lies in an ecological setting. Creation of the stimuli involved 51 older adult and 44 college student "senders" who lied "authentically" in that their lies were spontaneous in the service of protecting a research assistant. In the main study, 77 older adult and 84 college raters attempted to detect lies in the ...

Theories of embodied cognition (e.g., Perceptual Symbol Systems Theory; Barsalou, 1999, 2009) suggest that modality specific simulations underlie the representation of concepts. Supporting evidence comes from modality switch costs: participants are slower to verify a property in one modality (e.g., auditory, BLENDER-loud) after verifying a property in a different modality (e.g., gustatory, CRAN...

Open Access Colonoscopy has been widely used as a screening modality for colorectal cancer and in the treatment of colon disorders. Generally, colonoscopy is safe, well tolerated, and recognized as a standard diagnostic and treatment method for colon disorders. Cecal intubation (CI) is one of the proposed quality indicators for colonoscopy.

Testicular lobulation is a rare congenital anomaly of the testicle. Scrotal ultrasound as a primary diagnostic modality of testicular abnormalities is very helpful in the diagnosis of testicular lobulation. We are reporting in bilateral testicular lobulation associated with varicocele and primary infertility. The m=lobulation was discovered accidentally during routine scrotal ultrasound.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic cutaneous fungal infection commonly caused by Fonsacea and Cladophialophora spp. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive, real-time diagnostic tool for rapid bedside diagnosis of various inflammatory and non-inflammatory disorders and can be an excellent modality for evaluation of cutaneous mycosis, for which it shows characteristic brown dots, crust, scales and yellow ora...