Autophagy is an important self-adaptive mechanism that is involved in inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in spinal cord neurons. Pterostilbene, a natural plant extract, has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant effects; however, it has not yet been investigated whether pterostilbene could activate autophagy and protect spinal cord neurons from oxidative stress. In the present study, pr...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether intracellular metallothionein (MT) protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. MT-I/II knockout (MT-null) and control mice were given acetaminophen (150-500 mg/kg i.p.), and liver injury was assessed 24 h later. MT-null mice were more susceptible than controls to acetaminophen-induced lethality and hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by elevated seru...

BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and angiotensin II (Ang II) are implicated in the development and further progression of heart failure, which might be, at least in part, mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the cause and consequences of this agonist-mediated ROS production in cardiac myocytes have not been well defined. Recently, we demonstrat...

Diquat dibromide is a moderately toxic contact herbicide belonging to the bipyridyl group of redox-active compounds that induce a strong oxidative damage. Melatonin (MEL) can protect against oxidative damage under in vivo conditions, probably through its anti-oxidative capacity and ability to induce expression of anti-oxidative enzymes. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of ...

BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in various forms of cellular injury. ROS may cause cell damage and are involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation. METHODS Disturbances of intracellular ROS levels were investigated in 28 patients with end-stage renal failure. The intracellular ROS levels were measured in...

Hyperoxia therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) may unexpectedly lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cause additional ALI. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37 amino acid neuropeptide that regulates inflammasome activation. However, the role of CGRP in DNA damage during hyperoxia is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of CGRP ...

In this study, two different types of assays were used to quantitatively measure the re-dox activity of PM and to examine its intrinsic toxicity: 1) in vitro exposure to rat alveolar macrophage (AM) cells using dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) as the fluorescent probe (macrophage ROS assay), and: 2) consumption of dithiothreitol (DTT) in 5 a cell-free system (DTT assay). Coarse (PM 10−2.5...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the mechanism of biological aging and exercise-induced oxidative damage. The present study examined the effect of an acute bout of exercise on intracellular ROS production, lipid and protein peroxidation, and GSH status in the skeletal muscle of young adult (8 mo, n = 24) and old (24 mo, n = 24) female Fischer 344 rats. Young rats ran on a treadmi...

Oxalicumone A (POA), a novel dihydrothiophene-condensed chromone, was isolated from the marine‑derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum. Previous reports demonstrated that POA exhibits strong activity against human carcinoma cells, thus it has been suggested as a bioactive anticancer agent. To research the toxic effect of POA on cultured normal epithelial human kidney‑2 (HK‑2) cells and evaluate its...

The relationship between mitochondrial Ca2+, oxidative stress, and a dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (A+) was investigated in proximal tubular kidney cells. Freshly isolated proximal tubular cells from rat kidney were exposed to the nephrotoxin 1,2dichlorovinyl-L-cysteine (DCVC). DCVC stimulated the formation of hydroperoxides as determined by flow cytometry using the hydrop...