Physiological and behavioral indicators of heat stress in cattle are time labor-intensive to measure, difficult observe extensive pasture settings. We proposed record respiration rate standing behavior using unmanned aerial vehicles. Videos were recorded above steers on feedlot the morning (0830 – 1130) afternoon (1400 1700) over ten days between July 25 Aug 10, cows nine 19 29. In feedlot, vid...

As a large, long-term pool and source of carbon and nutrients, woody litter is an important component of forest ecosystems. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of the factors that regulate the rate of decomposition of coarse and fine woody debris (CFWD) of dominant tree species in a cool-temperate forest in Japan. Respiration rates of dead stems, branches, and coarse and fine...

soil to the atmosphere and it is measured at the soil surface (Rolston, 1986). Increases of soil CO2 efflux Little is known about the short-term effects (hours to days) of are not always preceded by increases in soil respiration tillage on labile pools of C and N, or microbial activity and community composition. We examined the effects of rototillage on microbial (Calderón et al., 2000). Tillag...

Direct fed microbials and probiotics are used to promote health in livestock and poultry; however, their mechanism of action is still poorly understood. We previously reported that direct fed microbial supplementation in young broilers reduced ileal respiration without changing whole-body energy expenditure. The current studies were conducted to further investigate the effects of a direct fed m...

Little is known about metabolic activity of bacteria, when viscosity of their environment changes. In this work, bacterial metabolic activity in media with viscosity ranging from 0.8 to 29.4 mPas was studied. Viscosities up to 2.4 mPas did not affect metabolic activity of Vibrio ruber. On the other hand, at 29.4 mPas respiration rate and total dehydrogenase activity increased 8 and 4-fold, resp...

Cyanide-resistant, alternative respiration in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi-nc was analyzed in liquid suspension cultures using O(2) uptake and calorimetric measurements. In young cultures (4-8 d after transfer), cyanide inhibited O(2) uptake by up to 40% as compared to controls. Application of 20 mum salicylic acid (SA) to young cells increased cyanide-resistant O(2) uptake within 2 h. Develo...

marily in the use of fermented preparations in compost and as field sprays. These unique preparations (Table Biodynamic agriculture is a unique organic farming system that 1) consist of specific minerals or plants treated or ferutilizes, in addition to the common tools of organic agriculture, specific fermented herbal preparations as compost additives and field sprays. mented with animal organs...