This paper presents the results of a field study undertaken all over Punjab, Pakistan, to evaluate socio-economic and climatic impact photovoltaic-operated high-efficiency irrigation systems (HEIS), i.e., drip sprinkler systems. Nearly half rural population relies on agriculture for living, recent energy crisis has had negative communities. Farmers’ reliance fossil fuels operation increased exp...

OBJECTIVE The nation's 2862 local health departments (LHDs) are the primary means for assuring public health services for all populations. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of organizational network analysis on management decisions in LHDs and to demonstrate the technique's ability to detect organizational adaptation over time. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a longitudinal ...

BACKGROUND Preoperative knowledge of intrahepatic bile duct (IHD) anatomy is critical for planning liver resections, liver transplantations and complex biliary reconstructive surgery. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the imaging features of various anatomical variants of IHD using magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) and their prevalence in our population. MATERIAL/M...

CONTEXT The system of local health departments (LHDs) in the United States has the potential to advance a locally oriented public health response in obesity control and reduce geographic disparities. However, the extent to which obesity prevention programs correspond to local obesity levels is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study examines the extent to which LHDs across the United States have respon...

The carbon deposition profile on a Directional Material Probe (DMP) installed in the inboard side of torus Large Helical Device (LHD) is investigated using ERO2.0 code. experimental result with short and wide shadows (lower density areas) DMP reasonably explained by carbons sputtered from divertor plates side. simulation proves that are produced right left plate arrays, respectively. accumulate...

Emissions control in internal combustion engines is the big challenge faced by engine manufacturers. Modern exploit various systems to reduce exhaust emissions. However, existing emission will fall short of meeting stringent future regulations. This study attempts emissions a diesel fuelled with diesel-biodiesel blends utilising ethyl acetate as renewable oxygenated fuel additive. In this conte...

In this paper we used a general stochastic processes framework to derive from first principles the incidence rate function that characterizes epidemic models. We investigate a particular case, the Liu-Hethcote-van den Driessche's (LHD) incidence rate function, which results from modeling the number of successful transmission encounters as a pure birth process. This derivation also takes into ac...