In recent years, the study of causality in the brain, or effective connectivity, has become increasingly important in the field of computational neuroscience. Neuroimaging modalities such as EEG, fMRI and MEG provide an immense and rich source of data. Causal analysis has the potential to help make sense of this complex data, and provide important insights about the neural basis of cognition. T...

Photosystem II particles that retain the ability to evolve 0 2 have been used to examine acceptor and inhibitor sites in the photosynthetic electron transfer chain between Q and plastoquinone. Employing the water to dichlorobenzoquinone reaction to assay photosystem II activity, we have demonstrated that electron transport in thylakoids and particles is equally sensitive to inhibition by DCM U,...

This paper considers the problem of enforcing linear constraints containing marking terms, firing vector terms, and Parikh vector terms. Such constraints increase the expressivity power of the linear marking constraints. We show how this new type of constraints can be enforced in Petri nets. In the case of fully controllable and observable Petri nets, we give the construction of a supervisor en...

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) has crucial roles for myocardial development, cardiomyocyte energy metabolism and cell death/survival by regulating NAD⁺-dependent sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) deacetylase. This study aimed to determine if the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NAMPT gene may affect the susceptibility and prognosis for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and...

This paper considers the problem of enforcing linear constraints containing marking terms, firing vector terms, and Parikh vector terms. Such constraints increase the expressivity power of the linear marking constraints. We show how this new type of constraints can be enforced in Petri nets. In the case of fully controllable and observable Petri nets, we give the construction of a supervisor en...

Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) was introduced to study the effective connectivity among brain regions using neuroimaging data. Until recently, DCM relied on deterministic models of distributed neuronal responses to external perturbation (e.g., sensory stimulation or task demands). However, accounting for stochastic fluctuations in neuronal activity and their interaction with task-specific proce...

This paper investigates an alternation found with definite noun phrases in direct object position in Romanian that represents a theoretical puzzle for current theories of Differential Object Marking in this language (Gramatica Limbii Române 2005, Klein & de Swart 2011). When in direct object position and unmodified, definite noun phrases can be accompanied either by the differential object mark...

It is a common feature of many case marking languages that some but not all objects are case marked. However, it is usually not entirely random which objects are marked and which aren’t. Rather, case marking only applies to a morphologically or semantically well-defined class of NPs. Take Hebrew as an example. In this language, definite objects carry an accusative morpheme while indefinite obje...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence, clinical features, and pattern of inheritance of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in heart transplant patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD Patients with idiopathic DCM who had undergone heart transplantation were invited to participate. Patients with alcohol abuse were excluded. A clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG, echocardiogram, blood tests, and DNA extrac...