A history of the commissioning and the very successful early operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is described. The accident that interrupted the first commissioning, its repair and the enhanced protection system put in place are fully described. The LHC beam commissioning and operational performance are reviewed for the period from 2010 to mid-2011. Preliminary plans for operation and ...

The Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) was completed, on budget, in November 2005, in just under 6 years, and is currently in the middle of its commissioning and performance verification phase, expected to be concluded by early 2007. SALT partners have already been obtaining observations during this shake-down period, and night time hours devoted to science time has slowly risen to 65-75%....

This paper deals with multi-class classification of skin pre-cancerous stages based on bimodal spectroscopic features combining spatially resolved AutoFluorescence (AF) and Diffuse Reflectance (DR) measurements. A new hybrid method to extract and select features is presented. It is based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) applied to AF spectra and on Mutual Information (MI) applied to DR spectr...

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common yet aggressive types and remains incurable in 40% patients. Herein, we profiled transcriptomes 94,324 cells from 17 DLBCLs 3 control samples using single-cell RNA-sequencing technology, creating a comprehensive map for tumor infiltrating immune DLBCL. High degrees inter- intratumor heterogeneity were revealed, identified 73 gene ex...