It is commonly assumed in the PV community that Auger recombination is the dominant loss mechanism in heavily phosphorusdoped emitters of industrial Si solar cells. Contrary to this assumption, we show in this work that most of the losses are caused by Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination via defect states introduced by inactive phosphorus. Using numerical device simulations, we successfully ...

During the past decade, pond aeration systems have been developed which will sustain large quantities of fish and invertebrate biomass. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is considered to be among the most important water quality parameters in fish culture. Fishponds in aquaculture farms are usually located in remote areas where grid lines are at far distance. Aeration of ponds is required to prevent mortal...

Self-disclosure can facilitate the development and maintenance of online relationships but it also poses challenges — the overlapping of distinct social spheres and invisibility of audiences can make communication more complicated. The aim of this paper is to analyze the outcomes of this conflict between self-disclosure risks and benefits. Data from the Latvian online social networking/ online ...

watermarking, digital security, halftone printing, printing security, error diffusion This report analyzes watermark embedding in Error Diffusion halftone images. A distortion measure for halftone modifications is introduced, and an embedding scheme is selected so as to minimize the proposed distortion. Next a statistical model is suggested for “natural-images”, leading to a lower bound on the ...

Hair luster is one of the most important parameters of visual appearance perceived by consumers. Current luster formulae (TRI, Reich-Robbins, ...) are optimized for goniophotometric measurements. They are based on a mathematical decomposition of reflected light into specular and diffused light and the meaurement of the shine peak width on the fitted angular distributions. In this expose, we are...

Background: A special hydroxypropylmethylcellulose powder (Nasaleze®) has been used for the alleviation of nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis since 1994. The efficacy of the product has been recently proven but the mechanism of action was still largely unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the hypothesis that the gel formed after moisture absorption in the nose might act as mechanic...

A proposed benefit of wildlife tourism is tourists’ participation in pro-conservation behaviors (PCB). Diffusion theory proposes that one’s perceived efficacy a behavior will influence rates adoption. However, empirical data on factors PCB (PEPCB) are lacking. This study evaluated experiential elements’ PEPCB, and the role social media as an emerging PCB. Data were collected from situ ex touris...

Gold nanoparticles with diameters of ca. 13 nm were synthesised by UV irradiation of a supramolecular organogel into which HAuCl4 and tetraoctylammonium bromide had been diffused-the gel network plays an essential role in nanoparticle stabilisation.

We present some properties regarding Darboux property, non-atomicity, regular fuzziness of multimeasures taking values in the family of all closed nonvoid subsets of a real normed space. Key–words: Darboux property, fuzzy multimeasure, atom, non-atomic, regular, diffused.

The reactions of silver(I) cyanide with tetraalkylammonium salts in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) under solvothermal conditions and then diffused with ether lead to two novel mixed halogeno(cyano)argentates(I) with efficient luminescence.