Several optimal three-dimensional orbital transfer problems are solved for thrust-limited spacecrafts using collocation and nonlinear programming techniques. The solutions for full nonlinear equations of motion are obtained where the integrals of the free Keplerian motion in three dimensions are utilized for coasting arcs. In order to limit the solution space, interior-point constraints are use...

We present an intuitive 3D interface for interactively editing and painting a polygonal mesh using a force feedback device. An artist or a designer can use the system to create and refine a three-dimensional multiresolution polygonal mesh. Its appearance can be further enhanced by directly painting onto its surface. The system allows users to naturally create complex forms and patterns not only...

Epoxy in electrospun nanofibers acting as adhesive generates junctions between nanofibers and thus forms stable three-dimensional networks.

We investigate the three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) charge distributions of a spin-one particle in terms multipole expansion. On account geometrical difference between 2D 3D spaces, projecting electric distribution to one Breit frame brings about influence quadrupole upon monopole one. Thus, becomes spin dependent. This effect should be sorted out from relativistic effects arisin...

Background: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques are used for the treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of these 2 treatment techniques on the planning target volume (PTV) (laryngeal cancer), dose homogeneity, dose of organs at...

a series of 42 pyrazolo[4,3-h]quinazoline-3-carboxamides as multi-cyclin-dependent kinaseinhibitors regarded as promising antitumor agents to complement the existing therapies, wassubjected to a three-dimensional quantitative activity relationship (3d qsar). different qsarmethods, comparative molecular field analysis (comfa), comfa region focusing, andcomparative molecular similarity indices an...

recent advances in reproductive medicine have created a demand for more accurate and safe imaging modalities before assisted reproductive treatment(art) (1). gradually, the important role of three-dimensional (3d) ultrasonography in the diagnosis of uterine congenital anomalies has been proved (2-4).