A new carrier sense multiple access (CShiA) algorithm, called virtual time CSMA, is described and analyzed. This algorithm uses a novel approach to granting access to the shared broadcast channel based on variable-rate clocks. Unlike other CSMA algorithms, the operation of virtual time CSMA reduces to the ideal case in the zero propagation time limit: a work-conserving, first-come first-served ...

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of one versus two encoding trials in the classical yes/no recognition memory paradigm using olfactory stimuli. A group of 24 young adults rated 18 standard microencapsulated odorant targets for familiarity (first encoding block) or pleasantness (second encoding block). Once-encoded targets were in only one block and twice-encoded tar...

In a line of research on expertise and creative problem solving (Wiley, 1998; Wiley, 1999), an instance in which two heads do seem better than one has been found. In a study using a Remote Associates Task, when high knowledge participants were paired with a novice, solution rates actually increased beyond what would be expected from either type of individual working independently. The discovery...

Come with us to read a new book that is coming recently. Yeah, this is a new coming book that many people really want to read will you be one of them? Of course, you should be. It will not make you feel so hard to enjoy your life. Even some people think that reading is a hard to do, you must be sure that you can do it. Hard will be felt when you have no ideas about what kind of book to read. Or...

gametocytogenesis. The renewed attention dedicated to the biology of gametocytes is significantly improving our basic understanding of how malaria parasites are maintained and propagated. One example of such progress are the observations by Aguilar and colleagues, which have important practical implications in designing how parasite transmission stages can be effectively targeted by current and...

There are conflicting reports over whether multiple independent runs of genetic algorithms (GAs) with small populations can reach solutions of higher quality or can find acceptable solutions faster than a single run with a large population. This paper investigates this question analytically using two approaches. First, the analysis assumes that there is a certain fixed amount of computational r...

The evaluation of incomplete satisfiability solvers depends critically on the availability of hard satisfiable instances. A plausible source of such instances consists of random kSAT formulas whose clauses are chosen uniformly from among all clauses satisfying some randomly chosen truth assignment A. Unfortunately, instances generated in this manner tend to be relatively easy and can be solved ...

The optimal duration of Holter monitoring (HM) to minimize costs and maximize yield is unknown. In a retrospective review of 164 patients referred to a tertiary care center for evaluation with 2 days of HM, we found that 48 hours was not cost effective when compared with the traditional 24-hour period.

E ndocytosis pathways are used by eukaryotic cells for internalization of nutrients, signal transduction regulation, and modulation of plasma membrane composition. The cytoplasmic regions of plasma membrane ‘‘cargo’’ proteins harbor signals that are recognized by ‘‘cargo adaptor’’ proteins; this concentrates the cargo proteins at sites of budding for subsequent internalization via an endocytic ...

We study the difference between the standard seeded model of tile self-assembly, and the “seedless” two-handed model of tile self-assembly. Most of our results suggest that the two-handed model is more powerful. In particular, we show how to simulate any seeded system with a two-handed system that is essentially just a constant factor larger. We exhibit finite shapes with a busy-beaver separati...