Recent focused Monte Carlo and experimental studies on steady-state single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy (SfRS) from a biologically relevant scattering medium have revealed that, as the dimensionless reduced scattering of the medium increases, the SfRS intensity increases monotonically until reaching a plateau. The SfRS signal is semi-empirically decomposed to the product of three contributing...

This study compares human walking and running, and places them within the context of other mammalian gaits. We use a collision-based approach to analyse the fundamental dynamics of the centre of mass (CoM) according to three angles derived from the instantaneous force and velocity vectors. These dimensionless angles permit comparisons across gait, species and size. The collision angle Φ, which ...

Oblique detonation stability was studied by numerically integrating the two-dimensional. one-step reactive Euler equations in a generalized, curvilinear coordinate system. The integration was accomplished using the Roe scheme combined with fractional stepping; nonlinear flux limiting was used to prevent unphysical solution oscillations near discontinuities. The method was verified on oneand two...

We present the results of laboratory experiments that quantify the physical controls on the thickness of the falling film of liquid around a Taylor bubble, when liquid–gas interfacial tension can be neglected. We find that the dimensionless film thickness l′ (the ratio of the film thickness to the pipe radius) is a function only of the dimensionless parameter Nf = r √ gD3/m, where r is the liqu...

The rational method is derived as a special case of kinematic wave flow. The definition of runoff coefficient is expanded from the flow-based ratio into volume-based ratio between the volumes under runoff hydrograph and rainfall hyetograph. The new method presented in this paper provides a dimensionless approach to theoretically derive the runoff coefficients for both the conventional two-flow ...

Abstract Background The vestibular system can perceive sound at high intensity levels. recording of evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) is one the clinical techniques that capture when activated by sound. In healthy individuals, it has been demonstrated VEMP thresholds are lower using low-frequency stimuli, particularly 500 Hz tone burst. Aging affects frequency tuning, causing shift to higher f...