Symbioses between sponges and algae are abundant in the nutrient-poor waters of tropical reefs, yet very little is known of the nutritional interactions that may promote this abundance. We measured nitrogen flux between the sponge Haliclona cymiformis and its symbiotic partner, the rhodophyte Ceratodictyon spongiosum, and assessed the potential importance of this flux to the symbiosis. While th...

We studied dogs with unilateral papain-induced emphysema to answer two questions: (1) Do emphysema lung-apposed hemidiaphragm (DiE) and normal lung-apposed hemidiaphragm (DiN) have equal capacities for lowering lung surface pressure? and (2) Are side-to-side differences in intrathoracic pressure the result of unequal force outputs by DiE and DiN or are they caused by differences in their mechan...

The notion of rational exchange introduced by Syverson in 1998 is a particularly interesting alternative when an efficient scheme for fair exchange is required but the existence of a trusted third party simply cannot be assumed. A rational exchange protocol cannot provide true fairness, but it ensures that rational –i.e. self-interested– parties would have no reason to deviate from the protocol...

The metavariable self is fundamental in object-oriented languages. Typing self in the presence of inheritance has been studied by Abadi and Cardelli, Bruce, and others. A key concept in these developments is the notion of selftype, which enables flexible type annotations that are impossible with recursive types and subtyping. Bruce et al. demonstrated that, for the language TOOPLE, type checkin...

The work by Abadi and Rogaway has started the process of bringing together the two approaches —formal and computational— to cryptography. Their work has also shown, that it is impossible to completely unify these two approaches in their typical forms — there are some principal differences in their security definitions. The difference is in the security of encryption cycles. An encryption cycle ...

Business development in the agricultural sector is an effort to develop and increase products as meet food needs of community, area land a potential natural resource owned by Indonesia so that good will economic growth Indonesia. PT Tunas Abadi Indoagro serves distribution fertilizers pesticides East Java Bali with different according commodities grown background. last year due home-made also l...