DNS is one of the most important components of the Internet infrastructure. Unfortunately, it is known to be difficult to implement, and available implementations are difficult to configure correctly. DNS performance and availability often suffer from poor configuration which leads to unavailability or erroneous behavior of distributed systems that depend on DNS. The data structures of DNS are ...

Domain Name System (DNS) amplification attack is a sophisticated Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack by sending a huge volume of DNS name lookup requests to open DNS servers with the source address spoofed as a victim host. However, from the point of view of an individual network resource such as DNS server and switch, it is not easy to mitigate such attacks because a distributed attack...

DNS cache poisoning attacks have been proposed for a long time. In 2008, Kaminsky enhanced the attacks to be powerful based on nonce query method. By leveraging Kaminsky’s attack, phishing becomes large-scale since victims are hard to detect attacks. Hence, DNS cache poisoning is a serious threat in the current DNS infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a countermeasure, DepenDNS, to prevent...

A multi-interfaced node is connected to multiple networks, some of which might be utilizing private DNS namespaces. A node commonly receives recursive DNS server configuration information from all connected networks. Some of the recursive DNS servers might have information about namespaces other servers do not have. When a multi-interfaced node needs to utilize DNS, the node has to choose which...

Neural processing in the brain controls behavior through descending neurons (DNs) - neurons which carry signals from the brain to the spinal cord (or thoracic ganglia in insects). Because DNs arise from multiple circuits in the brain, the numerical simplicity and availability of genetic tools make Drosophila a tractable model for understanding descending motor control. As a first step towards a...

Restructuring of the power market introduced demand uncertainty in transmission expansion planning (TEP), which in turn also requires an accurate estimation of demand not served (DNS). Unfortunately, the graph theory based minimumcut maximum-flow (MCMF) approach does not ensure that electrical laws are followed. Nor can it be used for calculating DNS at individual buses. In this letter, we prop...

Despite the pervasive nature of Internet censorship and the continuous evolution of how and where censorship is applied, measurements of censorship remain comparatively sparse. Understanding the scope, scale, and evolution of Internet censorship requires global measurements, performed at regular intervals. Unfortunately, the state of the art relies on techniques that, by and large, require user...

The Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential component of the critical infrastructure of the Internet. The role of DNS is vital, as it is involved in virtually every Internet transaction. It is sometimes remarked that DNS works well as it is now and any changes to it may disrupt its functionality and add complexity. However, due to its importance, an insecure DNS is unacceptable for current and...

Abnormality of the p16 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and hypermethylation of p16 gene is known as a major p16 inactivation mechanism. Cirrhotic nodule (CN) is now regarded as a preneoplastic lesion that is frequently associated with microscopic foci of HCC through dysplastic nodules (DNs). This observation clearly supports a multistep hepatocarcin...