Indirect reciprocity (IR) occurs when individuals help those who help others. It is important as a potential explanation for why people might develop cooperative reputations. However, previous models of IR are based on the assumption that individuals never meet again. Yet humans and other animals often interact repeatedly within groups, thereby violating the fundamental basis of these models. W...

Goal and Background: This paper provides evidence that Hocąk (Siouan) has direct modification, contra Helmbrecht’s (2004) claim that all adjectives in Hocąk are indirect modifiers. The data also show that lack of rigid ordering is not a reliable diagnostic for indirect modification (contra Cinque 2010). Following Sproat and Shih (1991), Cinque (2010) argues that indirect modification is higher,...

Informal caregiving and outcomes for caregiving are an important part of health care and of particular importance in nursing. The purpose of this research is to report the results of a survey mailed to nursing experts for validation of the outcome labels Caregiver Role Performance: Direct Care and Caregiver Role Performance: Indirect Care and their accompanying indicators. Experts were asked to...

[1] Natural aerosol plays a significant role in the Earth’s system due to its ability to alter the radiative balance of the Earth. Here we use a global aerosol microphysics model together with a radiative transfer model to estimate radiative effects for five natural aerosol sources in the present-day atmosphere: dimethyl sulfide (DMS), sea-salt, volcanoes, monoterpenes, and wildfires. We calcul...

Direct and Indirect Effects of Public Policies by Giacomo De Giorgi Chair: Richard Blundell This dissertation analyzes two im portant recent public policies and sheds light on the direct and indirect impacts of both; and more in general on the need of sound evaluations to carefully consider possible spillovers as a fundamental component of programs. In the first two essays I focus on the “New D...

Direct and indirect searches for dark matter (DM) particles are discussed. The search for a diffuse signal from DM annihilation in the Milky Way is presented using the atmospheric neutrino data from Super-Kamiokande-I, -II, -III. The analysis focuses on the model independent scenario with DM particles annihilating directly into pairs of neutrinos and antineutrinos. No signal contribution is all...

Thirty children were studied using both direct (catheter) and indirect techniques of radionuclide cystography. Of 54 ureters able to be compared, six showed vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) on the direct study but were read as negative on the indirect cystogram, and five showed no reflux on the direct cystogram but were read as positive for VUR on the indirect study. (Sensitivity of 68% and specifi...

Along with privacy, discrimination is a very important issue when considering the legal and ethical aspects of data mining. It is more than obvious that most people do not want to be discriminated because of their gender, religion, nationality, age and so on, especially when those attributes are used for making decisions about them like giving them a job, loan, insurance, etc. Discovering such ...