Abstract Efficiencies of Agricultural Credit Associations the US Farm System are measured quarterly from 2005 through 2020. A slacks-based measure based on directional distance function is used with non-performing loans included as an undesirable output. This permitted efficiency scores to be by type defined input or Generally, most were highly efficient, but there was deterioration in mean ove...

Abstract This study investigates the impact of digital economy (DE) on green total factor productivity (GTFP) and its transmission mechanism. Using panel data from 256 cities in China 2009 to 2020, examines a directional distance function Malmquist–Luenberger index estimate GTFP growth constructs an ordinary least squares model explore effect Three findings are drawn estimation results: (1) The...

This article reports on an empirical analysis of consumer information and usage fields in the city of Eindhoven. The main purposes of this study are to investigate the distance, sector-al and directional biases of these fields, to analyse whether the degree of biases is related to personal characteristics of consumers and to identify the factors of the basis on which a model which predicts the ...

The potential function of Lippincott and Schroeder for linear hydrogen bond has been re-examined and extended to nonlinear hydrogen bond. The parameters originally introduced to the potential function by Lippincott and Schroeder have been determined from the structural parameters such as 0.. .Odistance 0-H bond distance, H.. .O distance and HOO angle. Thevalidity of harmonic oscillator appr...

We report a simple and robust mechanism that can result in highly directional emission from long-lived resonances in microcavities. By placing a nanoparticle (NP) into the evanescent wave region of microcavities, highly directional outputs with divergence angle ~1.9°-10° can be obtained in single or double directions. The perturbation of NP on evanescent waves preserves the high-quality (Q) fac...

Different models for computing the spatial relations have been developed in the last decade. Separate methods are used for computing topological, directional and distance relations. These models have also been extended in fuzzy domains based on fuzzy or vague objects and less attention has been paid to fuzzy relations. In this paper 8 fuzzy topological relations are computed with the help of 1D...