Many organisms respond to food deprivation by altering their pattern of movement, often in ways that appear to facilitate dispersal. While the behavior of the nematode C. elegans in the presence of attractants has been characterized, long-range movement in the absence of external stimuli has not been examined in this animal. Here we investigate the movement pattern of individual C. elegans over...

Multi-angular observation of land surface thermal radiation is considered to be a promising method of performing the angular normalization of land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from remote sensing data. This paper focuses on an investigation of the minimum requirements of viewing angles to perform such normalizations on LST. The normally kernel-driven bi-directional reflectance distributi...

To examine how delay-period activity participates in the decision of a saccade direction, we analyzed prefrontal activity while monkeys performed 2 tasks: oculomotor delayed-response (ODR) and self-selection ODR (S-ODR) tasks. In the ODR task, monkeys were required to make a memory-guided saccade to the cue location after a 3-s delay. In the S-ODR task, 4 identical visual cues were presented si...

Accurate detection and classification of wafer defects constitute an important component of the IC production process because together they can immediately improve the yield and also provide information needed for future process improvements. One class of inspection procedures involves analyzing surface images. Because of the characteristics of the design patterns and the irregular size and sha...

It is known at a qualitative level that directional antennas can be used to boost the capacity of wireless ad hoc networks. Lacking is a measure to quantify this advantage and to compare directional antennas of different footprint patterns. This paper introduces the concept of the effective beam width (and the effective null width as its dual counterpart) as a measure which quantitatively captu...

Vegetative surfaces are non-lambertian and deriving their spectral properties from space-borne sensors becomes complicated when off-nadir view angles are taken into consideration. In order to utilize off-nadir observations a complete understanding of directional reflectance is needed. This requires understanding of propagation of solar radiation as radiative transfer (RT) problem through a coup...

The strength of classifier combination lies either in a suitable averaging over multiple experts/sources or in a beneficial integration of complementary approaches. In this paper we focus on the latter and propose the use of group-induced vector spaces (GIVSs) as a way to combine unsupervised learning with classification. In such an integrated approach, the data is first modelled by a number of...

Individual classification models are recently challenged by combined pattern recognition systems, which often show better performance. In such systems the optimal set of classifiers is first selected and then combined by a specific fusion method. For a small number of classifiers optimal ensembles can be found exhaustively, but the burden of exponential complexity of such search limits its prac...

We extend pattern search methods to linearly constrained minimization. We develop a general class of feasible point pattern search algorithms and prove global convergence to a KarushKuhn-Tucker point. As in the case of unconstrained minimization, pattern search methods for linearly constrained problems accomplish this without explicit recourse to the gradient or the directional derivative of th...

Ensemble methodology, which builds a classification model by integrating multiple classifiers, can be used for improving prediction performance. Researchers from various disciplines such as statistics, pattern recognition, and machine learning have seriously explored the use of ensemble methodology. This paper presents an updated survey of ensemble methods in classification tasks, while introdu...